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(Click for frequent words.) 58 deaths Baldante 57 hoax Alderden 56 patriotism Gration 54 glacier calving 54 Nares Strait 54 sub glacial lakes 54 Fedotenko skated 53 Svalbard islands 52 shadowed craters 52 Jakobshavn 52 Lake Vostok 52 Kanaga Volcano 52 subglacial lakes 51 Charcot Island 51 Sermilik Fjord 51 subsurface ocean 51 Petermann Glacier 51 subglacial lake 50 Norne field 50 Wilkins Ice Shelf 50 hole EJD# 50 iceberg calving 50 polar craters 50 Nunavut Territory coal 50 HPM Forgues Property 50 Weddell Sea 49 manto mineralization 49 Antarctic Peninsula 49 Gakkel Ridge 49 Jupiter moons Europa 49 Katla volcano 49 Pleistocene Ice Age 49 Dying jellyfish 49 hypoxic zone 49 lunar crust 49 Nordkapp 49 icesheets 49 Laptev Sea 49 Shorter telomeres 49 melting glacial 49 spokeswoman Denise Taiste 49 oil sheens 49 Nares Strait separating 49 Siple Dome 49 Company Website www.healthspring.com 49 Booms depending 48 permanently shadowed craters 48 polar caps 48 Syrtis Major 48 Casas Geo subdivision 48 misused Teuber added 48 refrozen ice 48 gabbro intrusive 48 Niebusch 48 fault scarps 48 Longmen Shan fault 48 Laurentide Ice Sheet 48 Mud volcanoes 48 vapor plume 48 winter snowfalls Luthcke 48 Fram Strait 48 Ayles Ice Shelf 48 Fareastern Shipping Co. 48 polar vortex 48 Serreze 48 shadowy craters 47 Disenchantment Bay 47 Akutan Island 47 By Pollywog Comments 47 floe 47 explosive volcanism 47 Short telomeres 47 megaflood 47 Andaman Islands quake 47 ammonia hydrate 47 Taunus pit 47 Arctic Ocean 47 Ticho Project 47 Drygalski ice tongue 47 gaseous methane 47 Bracketed figures 47 underwater Lomonosov Ridge 47 Satam Farhan 47 quartz feldspar porphyry intrusive 47 abyssal plain 47 Aleutian Chain 47 Greenland glacier 47 volcano Katla 47 equatorial plains 47 kimberlitic bodies 47 Denisova Cave 47 Walruses dive 47 Ontario Lacus 47 Petermann glacier 47 Antarctic peninsula 47 Martian permafrost 47 Fill cocktail shaker 47 eruptive activity 47 unfounded Stacho 47 magnetic reconnection 46 Holocene epoch 46 Muskeget 46 polar explorer Ernest Shackleton 46 Isidis Planitia 46 permafrost melts 46 outer corona 46 geologically active 46 snowcover 46 Brazil juts farthest 46 Poplar Deposit 46 Walt Meier 46 Skan Bay 46 Kolumbic 46 substorm 46 lunar poles 46 Jadriyah bridge sustained 46 whale dorsal fin 46 caked oak tree 46 Antarctic Ice Shelf 46 Francies tossed 46 basaltic rocks 46 permafrost thaw 46 Shiveluch 46 equatorial Pacific oceans 46 Puijila 46 glacial fjord 46 seabed sediments 46 CryoSat mission 46 Karpish 46 Jedidiah Island 46 laden tree limbs 46 Melting polar 46 Clone Prospect 46 Lomonosov ridge 46 Monomoy Island 46 Greenland icecap 46 Whillans Ice Stream 46 C# atmospheric concentrations 46 Fluctuating temperatures 46 permafrost thaws 46 Westman Islands 46 southern supercontinent 46 Helheim Glacier 46 ice calved 46 Vastitas Borealis 46 Yaxtché zone 46 Hatton Rockall basin 46 Brian Palmeter 46 Cascadia fault 46 Methane hydrate 46 KT boundary 46 Ross Ice Shelf 46 glacier shrinkage 46 deep convective clouds 46 hydrothermal activity 46 warmer latitudes 46 Greenland ice 45 Nili Fossae 45 cryovolcanism 45 ST EAST MOLINE 45 meltwater 45 gaseous planets 45 Grimsvotn lies 45 include CStop# plus 45 snowsqualls 45 Leh Manali road 45 Unconfirmed dispatch 45 basalt volcanic 45 permafrost degradation 45 Ventastega 45 Gusev crater 45 Permian extinction 45 Dronning Maud Land 45 geothermal gradient 45 Alat settlement 45 Deflector mineralization 45 ice jams 45 southerly latitudes 45 DAILY ENTERTAINMENT PHOTOS 45 tribally ruled 45 Hellas Basin 45 Hellas Planitia 45 Svalbard Islands 45 Perito Moreno 45 polar plateau 45 Drygalski 45 Pacific Rim volcanogenic porphyry 45 hippopotamus bones 45 ejecta curtain created 45 Eemian 45 Martian equator 45 fissure eruption 45 Clipper Adventurer 45 Sermilik fjord 45 radon anomalies 45 Glaciologists 45 mantle plumes 45 hiding Oclander 45 supercold fuel 45 Mars Squyres 45 plankton blooms 45 Agulhas Current 45 Antarctic glacier 45 Cryogenian 45 ship Akademik Fyodorov 45 clathrates 45 moons Europa 45 Shikotan Island 45 Peril Strait 45 Fomalhaut b 45 Ridout Deformation Zone 45 Greenland glaciers melt 45 Larsen Ice Shelf 45 aerodynamic impediment 45 ice 45 Grímsvötn volcano 45 Antarctic continent 45 icesheet 45 landlocked Caspian Sea 45 amplification Zwally 45 Ronne Ice Shelf 45 Spitsbergen archipelago 45 delicate Chandeleur Islands 45 Ellesmere Island 45 Dumont d'Urville station 45 Novaya Zemlya 45 sheet Summerhayes 45 La Niña pattern 45 undersea plumes 45 De Nyse 45 Heavier rainfall 45 outlet glaciers 45 landmasses 44 thawing permafrost 44 tidal inlet 44 disputed Senkaku Islands 44 Trudy Wohlleben 44 Nashville Tenn. Jon Gambrell 44 Polar bears depend 44 Oregon Wallowa Mountains 44 Aksai Chin plateau 44 Seitoku Maru 44 Denisova cave 44 Aleutian chain 44 tectonic faults 44 Pegmatite Zone 44 permanently shadowed regions 44 molten lava flowing 44 ST SILVIS 44 Southern Kuriles 44 ejecta blanket 44 Crozet Islands 44 Eisenhower Expressway Interstate 44 Capt. Struckman 44 gator sunning 44 Tycho supernova remnant 44 Jakobshavn Isbrae 44 subglacial 44 lunar craters 44 polar regions 44 volcanic ridges 44 magma chamber 44 Disko Island 44 teleconnections 44 midlatitudes 44 Tatar Strait 44 icy moons 44 Opposes drilling 44 sedimentary deposits 44 linking Charcot 44 hydrothermal fluid 44 Alaska Aleutian chain 44 magma ocean 44 Nenets autonomous region 44 arctic plains 44 active volcanism 44 moon Europa 44 sulfur atom 44 undersea Lomonosov Ridge 44 icefalls 44 Sagtikos Pkwy Sunken Meadow 44 Pu'u O'o 44 Northumberland Strait 44 Gas hydrates 44 polar explorer Roald Amundsen 44 Himalaya glaciers 44 methane hydrate deposits 44 warm interglacial periods 44 thermal vents 44 Alaska Adak 44 Scambos 44 Palaeozoic sedimentary 44 glacier 44 Canada T2J #E# 44 colder denser 44 yedoma 44 Vedder Canal 44 Textile formatting buttons 44 western Aleutian Islands 44 Porcupine Destor Fault Zone 44 Chryse Planitia 44 theglobe.com inc 44 Defenceman Anton Volchenkov 44 Oort Cloud 44 Noctilucent clouds 44 Macasty shale 44 Velicogna 44 planet Gliese #g 44 Jovian moon 44 Tatoosh Island 44 puffball appearances 44 reservoir permeability 44 Arctic permafrost 44 mother Maryan Hassan 44 icefield 44 Okhotsk Sea 44 rock outcrop 44 glaciers 44 Brigdit Leger 44 Himalayan river basins 44 methane hydrates 44 lava flowing 44 seafloor sediments 44 azure Persian Gulf 44 thawing tundra 44 planets Uranus 44 dots Wakowski 44 auriferous zones 43 Greenland glaciers 43 central equatorial Pacific 43 #COM# 43 dynamical processes 43 permanently shadowed 43 Vatnajökull 43 gaseous planet 43 Paliki 43 volcanic activity 43 Lower Tertiary trend 43 lateral extents 43 Johnstone Strait 43 Beaufort Sea 43 intraplate 43 Beringia 43 frazil ice 43 ocean sunfish 43 andesitic rocks 43 Eskay Creek Silbak Premier 43 vexes travelers 43 Kerguelen Plateau 43 Linteau 43 Jamie Eldredge spooled 43 Saturn moon Enceladus 43 hydrated minerals 43 erupt explosively 43 Antarctic ice 43 tropical troposphere 43 Calcasieu Ship Channel 43 subduction zone earthquake 43 Mark Serreze 43 Kaministiquia River 43 permafrost melt 43 Kuril chain 43 hydrothermal magnetite 43 Venusian atmosphere 43 Kaminski Morrow 43 Transantarctic Mountains 43 Hairline cracks 43 hydrothermal mineralization 43 Etorofu 43 phytoplankton blooms 43 Hole NR# 43 Americans newfound frugality 43 Ares Vallis 43 thermocline 43 AKK# 43 La Nina cooling 43 Laurentide ice sheet 43 Aniva Bay 43 Daini plant 43 Athabasca unconformity 43 heavily cratered 43 Alpine Fault 43 taco pal 43 EJD# 43 ocean upwelling 43 Chinese bronze fountainheads 43 Priz AS 43 swiftest renewal 43 Big Diomede 43 katabatic winds 43 subduction fault 43 tanker Volganeft 43 pink tube jigs 43 subantarctic 43 bloody naval skirmishes 43 moon Enceladus 43 Copperstone Fault 43 snowier winters 43 ocean basins 43 glaciers receded 43 Huldra 43 snowsquall 43 large oceanic plateaus 43 McMurdo Sound 43 algal mats 43 gas hydrates 43 Seepage detected 43 Malrok 43 Oil Prospecting License 43 downwelling 43 Previous epidemiological studies 43 Bish Cove 43 Seychelles archipelago 43 perforations #,#-#,# feet [001] 43 upwelling currents 43 icecap 43 Yellowstone supervolcano 43 recreational cod fishery 43 mesosphere 43 Grunion disappearance 43 equatorial waters 43 Shackleton Crater 43 Toba eruption 43 Pu'u O'o crater 43 Herman Savikko 43 Wideman skated 43 Permian Triassic extinction 43 spiny anteater 43 Gogama Ontario 43 chlorine monoxide 43 Ninglick 43 Igarka 43 La Bodega zone 43 cyanobacterial blooms 43 EFIRE 43 claim Abyei fertile 42 walrus polar bears 42 Arctic archipelago 42 Flemish Pass 42 Oetzi 42 Antarctic Dry Valleys 42 Younger Dryas cold 42 Puu Oo 42 McMurdo Dry Valleys 42 permafrost 42 interglacial period 42 Bait Reef 42 touched Karsnia 42 elemental abundances 42 barren pumice plain 42 Cheonan sank 42 NASA rovers Spirit 42 Norway Svalbard 42 olivines 42 Defenseman Filip Kuba 42 dancer Tessa Virtue 42 Alexey Maryshev 42 fjord 42 Siberian continental shelf 42 moulins 42 polynya 42 Forsberg skated 42 Captain Khlebnikov icebreaker 42 Goldilocks planet 42 isostatic rebound 42 marine mammal strandings 42 granitic basement 42 northerly trending 42 uninhabited Vatnajokull glacier 42 Zugdidi Georgia 42 Melting glaciers 42 carbonate minerals 42 Line Karpish 42 komatiitic 42 rifting 42 molten magma 42 Mertz Glacier 42 Gamba sandstone 42 subduction earthquakes 42 Siberian permafrost 42 magma cools 42 rafted debris 42 southernmost continent 42 Cataraqui River 42 Nihoa Island 42 volcano lava dome 42 Jupiter moon Io 42 polar ice 42 floes 42 moisture condenses 42 extinct volcanoes 42 Ground penetrating radar 42 deglaciation 42 Ammassalik Island 42 Apolo Anton Ohno glided 42 Molendyk 42 tectonic boundary 42 these accusations Balieiro 42 Norwegian Roald Amundsen 42 bony prominence 42 paleoclimatic 42 shaded craters 42 Wireline logs 42 Liaodong Bay 42 geologically unstable volcanic 42 Yaxtché deposit 42 Molten rock 42 gabbro dykes 42 Ice jams 42 methane clathrates 42 Svalbard Archipelago 42 Acanthostega 42 km3 42 granitoid rocks 42 permafrost melting 42 fractured gusset plates 42 electromagnetic anomalies 42 Covered walkways 42 Gorge waterway 42 PONTAX property 42 Methane hydrates 42 Alpha #S# 42 anthropogenic warming 42 McCurbin 42 Tracy Arm fjord 42 magnetic geophysical anomaly 42 HMS Myrtle 42 across greenway flanking 42 Jutland peninsula 42 ivory gull 42 Iturup 42 dance compulsories 42 Mertz Glacier Tongue 42 thermohaline circulation 42 Qinghai Tibet plateau 42 Wendzonka 42 meteoritic material 42 Pavelski backhanded 42 magma chambers 42 lithological contacts 42 Greenland icesheet 42 Dehiba Wazin border 42 icebreaking ships 42 Stonechild 42 Oort cloud 42 Nycholat 42 Western Sedimentary Basin 42 Defenseman Niclas Wallin 42 galactic clusters 42 Equatorial Pacific 42 pore spaces 42 Gravitational waves 42 Saturn moon Mimas 42 MONTROSE Holistic Health 42 Benny Paulsson 42 undersea volcanoes 42 abyssal depths 42 Middle Bakken Formation 42 Polar Vortex 42 dwelling organisms 41 spindle neurons 41 methane seeps 41 Cape Alava 41 Yellowstone Caldera 41 jarosite 41 hydrocarbon accumulations 41 Stockholm archipelago 41 glacier melts 41 continental crust 41 icebergs 41 chloride salts 41 Cobscook Bay 41 Rossby waves 41 NSIDC 41 zirconium cladding 41 Antarctica 41 warm Gruben 41 coral atoll 41 paleochannels 41 niobium mineralization 41 Melanie Larouche 41 Jolo Sulu Archipelago 41 ice melts 41 seafloors 41 propelling steaming blobs 41 Deadhorse Alaska 41 penetrating radar 41 Kamoamoa eruption 41 platelet concentrates 41 Fran Bethell 41 hydrate deposits 41 Peter Neily 41 Robson Bight 41 NASA ICESat 41 Cape Adare 41 storminess 41 #S #W TD 41 Svalbard archipelago 41 lunar magma 41 phytoplankton populations 41 uninhabited islets 41 equatorial Pacific Ocean 41 Titanic hull 41 erupting lava 41 polynyas 41 subpolar 41 roiling shark infested 41 weedline 41 Beached whales 41 polar icecap 41 Warmer oceans 41 mountainous Altai 41 albedo feedback 41 Tsangpo 41 pirate mothership 41 melting permafrost 41 encrusted tree limbs 41 Platter Flats 41 amphibolites 41 kept mountainous snowbanks 41 Arabia Terra 41 Jacqueline Chaput 41 equatorial Pacific 41 conductive anomalies 41 rookie Logan Couture 41 COROT 7b 41 Honker Cove 41 Embarras EM' brah 41 Azulitas 41 Flatrock discovery 41 foot Redoubt Volcano 41 St. Peter Ording 41 Steven Hatfill physician 41 western Aleutians 41 xenoliths 41 Perevoznaya Bay 41 Risso dolphins 41 anything Chachoute 41 dolphin sightings 41 Lituya Bay 41 warship Cheonan exploded 41 Leaburg Lake 41 Glaciers melting 41 seafloor methane 41 Kasatochi 41 Kilimanjaro glaciers 41 prebiotic molecules 41 Eyjafjallajoekull glacier 41 icy comets 41 refugia 41 Kangerdlugssuaq 41 Amundsen Sea 41 Cascadia Subduction Zone 41 Interstate #W crumpled 41 lava erupting 41 IT IS DISTRIBUTED 41 disputed islands 41 spawning kokanee 41 Enceladus icy 41 EW trending 41 Surtsey 41 Dusky Sound 41 Jupiter icy moons 41 Lillooet River 41 magmas 41 Beluga sapphire property 41 Yellowstone caldera 41 Barkerville Gold Mines 41 Norris Geyser Basin 41 Gullfaks C 41 navigable waterway 41 saline aquifers 41 Pacific Decadal Oscillation 41 vast Myrdalsjokull ice 41 deepwater corals 41 Antarctic Ice 41 Tasour field 41 solar nebula 41 hydrothermal fluids 41 Whatipu 41 Kerguelen 41 Beartooth Pass 41 documented Enriquillo fault 41 basaltic lava 41 Bramley Murton 41 Martian arctic 41 iridium layer 41 northwesternmost 41 DelFrari 41 sandy spit 41 Disko Bay 41 Hardanger Fjord 41 tugboat ran aground 41 Scobee drilled 41 Arctic Barents Sea 41 Dellebuur 41 polar oceans 41 floods heatwaves droughts 41 Corot 7b 41 oxidized phospholipids 41 torpedo sank South 41 Icy Cape 41 Cumbre Vieja 41 Hunt Ice Shelf 41 Magellanic Stream 41 Des Groseilliers 41 Lomonosov Ridge 41 meteor impacts 41 Last Glacial Maximum 41 Tracy Arm Fjord 41 conductive sulphide 41 Christian Marcussen 41 Habomai 41 Powerful quakes 41 Cassini flyby 41 Martian volcanoes 41 Tumi geologist 41 McFauld 41 TrES 4 41 Kelleys Island Shoal 41 moon permanently shadowed 41 Hesperian epoch 41 BP ruptured Macondo 41 mussel larvae 41 Tunguska meteorite 41 Michalyshen 41 glacial meltwater 41 Christian Kinze 41 southwestern Kyushu 41 upwellings 41 volcanically active 41 marine sediments 41 Maranon basin 41 icy hydrates 41 Redoubt Volcano 41 Capricorn Glacier 41 volcanic plume 41 warship Vasa 41 Siberian Traps 41 Usan field 41 Bering Chukchi 41 tidewater glaciers 41 Methyl mercury 41 Tunguska explosion 41 GJ#b 41 Nottawasaga River 41 Mineralized zones 41 airborne EM conductors 41 sedimentary basin 41 deplete oxygen 41 seabed 41 polar latitudes 41 tree limbs downed 41 Lake Iliamna 41 Klaza Zone 41 Roughrider Zone 41 PROSSER LAKE 40 Ammassalik 40 Okinotorishima 40 Sinus Meridiani 40 caribou calving 40 perforations #,#-#,# feet [003] 40 Antarctic glaciers 40 icebergs scour 40 maritime delimitation 40 Magnesium chloride 40 Alaskan tundra 40 Habomai islets 40 radioactive nuclei 40 interglacial periods 40 Fishing trawlers 40 Meridiani 40 Martian crust 40 common murres 40 cometary impacts 40 Cladhan discovery 40 man Reebok sneaker 40 Greenland 40 Akademik Fyodorov 40 triggering tidal waves 40 GNS Science geological 40 equatorial regions 40 water vapor condenses 40 Athabasca Glacier 40 Mount Ruapehu 40 & Christiane Pelz 40 Aleksey Maryshev 40 Dig trench 40 navigable waters 40 Nashville Martin Erat 40 Ice floes 40 Verifiability Articles should 40 comet nuclei 40 lifts Snowbird Fri 40 beaver pond 40 temperature gradients 40 magnetic monopoles 40 L' Acadien II 40 HMAS Broome 40 firn 40 Jellyfish swarm northward 40 Great Slave Lake 40 Gros Cacouna 40 Drake Passage 40 Dungeness Spit 40 Mount Bosavi 40 clay subsoil 40 Pechora Sea 40 Indian Ocean Dipole 40 By TBT staff 40 moonlets 40 Arctic Sea 40 semiautonomous Danish 40 meteorite fragments 40 backboned animals 40 Russia Kamchatka Peninsula 40 Danish fjord 40 deadly naval skirmishes 40 tidal shoreline 40 Martian subsurface 40 Enceladus 40 bird Archaeopteryx 40 vertical diatreme breccia feeder 40 Eurasian continent 40 Athabasca sandstone 40 ponded 40 reef organisms 40 Perevoznaya 40 Antarctic ozone layer 40 asthenosphere 40 Wnt proteins 40 IP chargeability 40 icebergs calving 40 sediments deposited 40 Illumination Saddle 40 Liao Jinju wailed 40 warmer wetter 40 disputed Kuril Islands 40 CAN SCARSELLA Vincent 40 Turnagain Pass 40 Lake Cheko 40 Imwauna Project 40 Shikotan 40 Diaoyus 40 scientist Mark Serreze 40 Christiansted harbor 40 polar bears walruses 40 Chef Menteur Pass 40 Terneras vein 40 Suruga Bay southwest 40 historical Onek 40 planet HD #b 40 routinely sloughed off 40 Lt. Waltemeyer 40 glacial melting 40 whitecapped 40 RW Krystofer Barch 40 Patagonian glaciers 40 Vatnajökull glacier 40 Arctic Shelf 40 Minnewanka 40 Harding Icefield 40 Gusset plates 40 La Nina occurs 40 golden croissant 40 Ongoing De Pere 40 lenticular clouds 40 tephra dam 40 steppe mammoth 40 #-#-# #-#-# andrewtp@broadcom.com 40 neurotransmitter binds 40 Grimsvotn signaling 40 Arctic oscillation 40 chrome diopside 40 glaciations 40 shakier footing 40 swirling dust devils 40 carbonate globules 40 Wrangell Narrows 40 Senkaku islets 40 Polluted runoff 40 hydrological cycle 40 surface temperatures SSTs 40 McNugget Property 40 Chicxulub Crater 40 Hibernia oilfield 40 fiord 40 refroze 40 tectonic movements 40 deoxygenated 40 drumlin 40 frigid polar 40 Gygrid 40 mud volcanoes 40 Yegua sands 40 Qaanaaq 40 Waleed Abdalati director 40 tidally 40 Casa Berardi fault 40 tankers freighters 40 Snow squalls 40 glacier retreat 40 sulfide mineralization 40 conductive zones 40 calderas 40 Ntaka intrusion 40 winger Chuck Kobasew 40 auks 40 Tylan Stephens 40 landlocked Caspian 40 Jurassic sandstone 40 Eyjafjallajökull glacier 40 Earth magnetosphere 40 inner asteroid belt 40 polar voyages 40 volcanic vents 40 Sivulliq prospect 40 boreal regions 40 migratory pathway 40 Koleci 40 seafloor sediment 40 Namibe basin 40 Aletsch 40 Great Barrier reef 40 metal zonation 40 coccolithophores 40 Pavlof 40 skaters Kristi Yamaguchi 40 heavier snowfalls 40 Scandinavian fjords 40 heliosheath 40 volcanism 40 lithium bearing brines 40 lander solar panels 40 NKorea seizes SKorean 40 Martian surface 40 anticlinal structure 40 Nazca plate 40 Ras Hafun 40 Kvitebjorn 40 eroding shorelines 40 Mont Blanc Massif 40 H. habilis 40 oxidized lipids 40 Tim Brodhagen shreds 40 Sweetgrass Mont 40 Cryosat 40 caribou herd 40 HiRISE images 40 meteoroid 40 limestone xenoliths 40 plantlike bacteria 40 Khokhrapar Munabao rail 40 Casey Vinet 40 hole SP# 40 Hatzos 40 near Baengnyeong Island 40 skiff capsized 40 megathrust earthquake 40 volcanic mudflow 40 Spitzbergen 40 mineral olivine 40 Cascadia subduction zone 40 Prawle Point 40 Baengnyeong island 40 Willy Joes pizzeria 40 hydrosphere 40 Footwall Zones 40 Frobisher Bay 40 methane hydrate 40 icy crust 40 Otish Basin 40 Porcupine caribou 40 Unimak Pass 40 felsic intrusions 40 Saturn moons 40 Prydz Bay 40 felsic tuff 40 Chandeleur Sound 40 Bathurst Inlet 40 ice crystals 40 Crestone Peak 40 instrument SHORT TERM 40 Mount Redoubt 40 biogeochemical processes 40 sprawled Luongo 40 impermeable shale 40 Bothnia 40 continental shelf 40 volcanic sediments 40 rubbly 40 shoreward 40 sphalerite zinc sulphide 40 layered bedrock 40 Kuril islands 40 Verkhny Lars 40 Blackduck Lake 40 subsurface 39 Greenland semiautonomous Danish