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(Click for frequent words.) 58 Multidistrict Litigation MDL 58 multidistrict litigation 54 multidistrict litigation MDL 53 dispositive motions 53 CM ECF 53 interlocutory orders 52 Multidistrict Litigation 52 multidistrict 52 Plaintiffs Counsel 52 reviewed de novo 51 habeas proceeding 51 CAFC affirmed 51 habeas proceedings 51 patent invalidity 51 Derivative Action 51 dispositive motion 50 Fairness Hearing 50 justiciable controversy 50 patent reexamination 50 preliminary injunctive relief 50 interlocutory appeals 50 determinations de novo 50 En banc 50 docketing 50 Collateral estoppel 50 SOAH 50 summary judgment motions 50 granted certiorari 50 nonappealable 49 ResQNet 49 proximate causation 49 habeas corpus proceeding 49 nonfinal 49 KSR Int'l Co. 49 jurisdictional prerequisite 49 inter partes reexaminations 49 Appellate Courts 49 replead 49 Judicial Panel 49 Solicitor Chrissy Adams 49 Summary Judgment Order 49 mandamus proceeding 49 Declaratory Judgment Act 48 Judge Sabraw 48 Rule #:#-# [002] 48 preclusive effect 48 UKIPO 48 postconviction proceedings 48 v. Siracusano 48 arbitrability 48 forum non conveniens 48 w hether 48 NDCC ch 48 adjudicatory proceedings 48 JMOL 48 factual determinations 48 counterclaims asserted 48 issue preclusion 48 Movants 48 Judge Selna 48 factually distinguishable 48 presumptively valid 48 Litigation MDL 48 Transeastern Lenders 48 quasijudicial 48 prosecution laches 48 Third Amended Complaint 47 SLUSA 47 inter partes reexamination 47 nonobviousness 47 en banc rehearing 47 v. Teleflex Inc. 47 Appellate Panel 47 injunctive action 47 Appellate Division affirmed 47 CourtLink 47 Competition Appellate Tribunal 47 Judge Lifland 47 Carabell v. 47 unliquidated damages 47 pro hac vice 47 BPAI 47 CAFA jurisdiction 47 bsent 47 Al Odah v. 47 Allvoice 47 interlocutory appeal 47 Plaintiffs Appellants 47 Petitioners contend 47 hereby GRANTED 47 Plaintiff Complaint 47 habeas statute 46 interpleader 46 inter partes 46 Eleventh Circuit affirmed 46 C ourt 46 appelate 46 Civil Procedure Rule 46 pari delicto 46 mootness 46 Settlement Hearing 46 unadjudicated 46 mem. op 46 defendants appellees 46 Ark. R. Civ 46 recusal motion 46 Relators 46 reargument 46 adjudicative functions 46 nonjurisdictional 46 unappealable 46 multidistrict litigation panel 46 SCR #:#.# [001] 46 reexamination proceeding 46 equitable subordination 46 Proposed Settlement 46 nonjury trials 45 non justiciable 45 claim preclusion 45 rem jurisdiction 45 Stuart Hirshfield 45 judgment nunc pro 45 condemnor 45 declaratory judgments 45 Plaintiffs Complaint 45 xxxi adverse tax 45 CrR #.# 45 SLAPP motion 45 COMI 45 Initiates Patent Infringement 45 noninfringement 45 appellate courts 45 prima facia 45 FAA preempts 45 improvidently granted 45 summary affirmance 45 Plaintiffs Steering Committee 45 Justice Maurice Cullity 45 La.Civ.Code art 45 Markman Order 45 Ex parte Young 45 Appeals Affirms 45 Appelate 45 unlawful detainers 45 Judge Scheindlin 45 CAFC reversed 45 qui tam relator 45 quasi judicial immunity 45 Recusal 45 appellate 45 equitable mootness 45 responsive pleadings 45 concededly 45 Rehearing 45 Rooker Feldman doctrine 45 admiralty jurisdiction 45 Plaintiffs Appellees 45 suspensive effect 45 dism'd 45 Appellants argue 45 Godwin Ronquillo PC 45 jurisdictionally 45 Rooker Feldman 45 Board ASLB 45 ALJs 45 procedural reasonableness 45 renders moot 45 Enemy combatant 45 liberally construe 45 OCGA § #-#-# [007] 44 summarily affirm 44 FRCP amendments 44 adjudicatory 44 WCAB 44 qui tam plaintiff 44 DOMA constitutionality 44 intermediate appellate 44 Scheduling Order 44 Declaratory Judgment 44 Kiyemba v. Obama 44 conflicting rulings 44 legally protectable 44 Reymundo Toledo Flores 44 Chanins 44 FINRA Dispute Resolution 44 nonprecedential 44 appealable judgment 44 Title VII retaliation 44 Pitchess discovery 44 Trustee ad Litem 44 supersedeas 44 Certiorari 44 Zuma Thint 44 ClearCorrect 44 amici briefs 44 Grand Juries 44 JNOV 44 sub silentio 44 pretrial proceedings 44 Pa.RAP 44 Younger abstention 44 caselaw 44 Superior Court Appellate Division 44 quasi judicial proceeding 44 remittitur 44 substantive unreasonableness 44 mandamus petition 44 Intervenors 44 Riegel v. 44 adjudicates disputes 44 Rule #:#-# [001] 44 Judge Zmuda 44 CCAA proceeding 44 additur 44 Ninth Circuit affirmed 44 Markman Hearing 44 writ petitioners 44 tort claimants 44 USSG 44 No. BC# 44 adjudicatory proceeding 44 inapplicability 43 u nless 43 Judge Rosemary Ledet 43 Listings Qualification Panel 43 postjudgment 43 terminate parental 43 propria persona 43 Kocoras 43 Preliminary Objection 43 arbitral tribunals 43 inventorship 43 KSR v. Teleflex 43 Rapanos v. United 43 postconviction proceeding 43 redetermine 43 Evidentiary 43 Declaratory Order 43 Zubulake v. UBS Warburg 43 Nineteenth Judicial 43 Interlocutory 43 Pitchess motion 43 competent evidential 43 Ninth Circuit 43 qui tam plaintiffs 43 seeks declaratory 43 Fundamental fairness 43 Judge Ciparick 43 Judge Birss 43 Merlyn Clark 43 cy pres 43 anti SLAPP motions 43 habeas petitioners 43 Injunctive relief 43 Oral Argument 43 Karen Salaz spokeswoman 43 judge Emmet Sullivan 43 Fifth Circuit 43 coram nobis 43 Denies Motion 43 interlocutory judgment 43 Judge Phillip Shefferly 43 Selna 43 Judge Richard Matsch 43 Reinholtsen 43 summary judgment de novo 43 PIX# trial 43 ICSID arbitration 43 sua sponte duty 43 Amerivet 43 Patent Reexamination 43 Memorandum Opinion 43 Judge Dyk 43 nonfrivolous issues 43 p laintiff 43 rendered nugatory 43 Tax Injunction 43 Consolidated Amended Complaint 43 Judge Preska 43 controverting 43 juridiction 43 Ravelston Entities 43 depositions affidavits 43 amicus curiae briefs 43 Simplified Procedure 43 ORS #A.# 43 prehearing 43 posttrial motions 43 Meralco GSIS case 43 Rochon Genova LLP 43 Delaware Chancery 43 justiciability 43 nondischargeability 43 P laintiffs 43 Judge Gertner 43 plainly erred 43 substantive unconscionability 43 qui tam relators 43 nonparties 43 Judge Griesa 43 Patent Litigation 43 BC# [001] 43 fraudulent joinder 43 nonbankruptcy 43 collaterally attack 43 Defendants Motions 42 Judge Marcia Krieger 42 International v. Teleflex 42 Lead Counsel 42 judicial estoppel 42 c ourt 42 Eleventh Circuit 42 habeas petitioner 42 Daubert v. 42 plaintiffs appellants 42 Injunctive Relief 42 precedential value 42 Code Civ 42 SOX whistleblower 42 Kirk Baert 42 Bilski patent 42 La.Code Civ.P. art 42 quasi judicial tribunal 42 Stephen Adah 42 Equitable tolling 42 REMANDED 42 affirmance 42 Plaintiffs 42 Libananco 42 vacatur 42 Justice Kornreich 42 DRTs 42 Disbarment 42 Amicus briefs 42 journalized 42 Judicature Act 42 False Marking 42 Basson acquittal 42 Inequitable conduct 42 PRRB 42 preliminary injunction enjoining 42 classaction 42 Judge Cecilia Altonaga 42 arbitral proceedings 42 Second Amended Complaint 42 SupremeCourt 42 Originating Summons 42 Scheidler v. 42 patent infringer 42 Departmental Disciplinary Committee 42 PRPs 42 rehearing en banc 42 statutory aggravators 42 Nancy Volmer spokeswoman 42 evidentiary hearings 42 interlocutory 42 conclusions de novo 42 Judge Luckern 42 Justice Saka Ibiyeye 42 Attenex Patterns 42 SCERS 42 thirteenth juror 42 Andre Blignault 42 procedurally flawed 42 CrR 42 Diarmuid O'Scannlain 42 liberally construing 42 compulsory counterclaim 42 Justice Strathy 42 Judge Algenon L. 42 interpleader action 42 Rambus patent infringement 42 Inc. v. Broudo 42 dispositional order 42 Appellate Practice 42 Zansberg 42 prelitigation 42 substantively unconscionable 42 al Odah v. 42 unduly prejudiced 42 Leonard Njagi 42 Announces Favorable Ruling 42 Segars Andrews 42 quasi judicial tribunals 42 Rev. Stat 42 Adversary Complaint 42 Subjecting prisoner abuse 42 unconscionability 42 joinder 42 FCC Triennial Review 42 constitutionally deficient 42 SALA IV 42 Creditors Arrangement Act 42 Declaratory 42 appellate court 42 appealable 42 DIFCDIFC Courts 42 Appellant asserts 42 Trustee Objection 42 declarants 42 Judge Eduardo Robreno 42 Aruna Suresh 42 Conveying Subsidiaries 42 dkt 42 Liability Lawsuits 42 Judge Beckloff 42 arbitral 42 D efendants 42 section #A.# [002] 42 Gregory Garre 42 prosecutor Wallace Kleindienst 42 Plaintiff Appellee 42 Paul Luckern 42 factual predicates 42 case 42 DPP Keir Starmer 42 Stipulated 42 Defendants Motion 42 relitigated 42 precluded summary judgment 42 evidentiary rulings 42 procedurally defective 42 posttrial 42 nonadversarial 41 reargued 41 First Amended Complaint 41 KRS #.#-# 41 evidentiary hearing 41 8th Judicial Circuit 41 FINRA arbitration 41 People v. Wende 41 Polozola 41 arbitral tribunal 41 irrebuttable presumption 41 Appellants contend 41 NCGS § 7B 41 ASLB 41 Gaulkin 41 Derivative Litigation 41 facially plausible 41 peremptory writ 41 NDCC § #-#-# 41 postconviction 41 Judge Steeh 41 order sustaining demurrer 41 Princo 41 probate guardianship 41 courts 41 Justice Eileen Bransten 41 attained finality 41 judicially reviewable 41 Waxse 41 Human Rights ECtHR 41 Eleventh Amendment 41 patentable subject 41 Dkt 41 KSA #-# [001] 41 Kirby McInerney LLP 41 Inc. v. PSKS 41 dormant Commerce Clause 41 argument unpersuasive 41 accused infringer 41 nonjury 41 § #-#-# [006] 41 multidistrict panel 41 Probate Code 41 O'Scannlain wrote 41 sua sponte dismissal 41 cassation 41 tunc 41 defendant intervenors 41 eCTD format 41 ECtHR 41 hypertechnical 41 Appellate Bench 41 appellate judges 41 defendant waives 41 Issue preclusion 41 construed liberally 41 Judges Sonya Sotomayor 41 Interrogatories 41 hereby ORDERED 41 Petitioner argues 41 Octomom doc 41 postconviction petition 41 Firebird Republics Fund 41 Roselyne Wendoh 41 Tafas v. Doll 41 C ourts 41 plaintiff 41 inter parte 41 Intervenor 41 u pon 41 subparts 41 Appellate 41 counsel performed deficiently 41 Environmental Adjudication 41 § #.# [003] 41 standardless 41 SR NYSEArca 41 pari materia 41 Judge Gregg Zive 41 Judge Consuelo Callahan 41 Listing Qualifications Panel 41 ex parte communication 41 Eminent Domain Procedure 41 adjudicates disputes between 41 CWDT 41 Undisputed Facts 41 pro se litigant 41 Zwerling Schachter & 41 granting appellee 41 Judge Ivan Lemelle 41 Zwerling Schachter 41 Defendant asserts 41 Vexatious 41 En Banc 41 lodestar method 41 Justice Morawetz 41 rehearings 41 lenity 41 judge 41 certiorari 41 ex parte reexamination 41 Judge Ursula Ungaro 41 creates rebuttable presumption 41 Verified Complaint 41 Granholm v. Heald 41 posttrial motion 41 Johnson v. Eisentrager 41 ED Tex. 41 Liability Litigation 41 suspensive appeal 41 postjudgment interest 41 advocate Ajay Agrawal 41 surrebuttal 41 Marschewski 41 Docket Nos. 41 UDRP 41 Kenneth Nachbar 41 ore tenus 41 Louis Briskman 41 Ark. R. Crim 41 prejudgment remedy 41 Case No. A#A# 41 separability 41 rehearing 41 adjudicating disputes 41 Len Doust 41 tax accrual workpapers 41 Arbitral Tribunal 41 Fifth Judicial 41 Tenth Circuit 41 beit din 41 quasi judicial body 41 Financial Reconstruction AAIFR 41 personam 41 Teva ANDA 41 Datuk Ramly Ali 41 Adversary Proceeding 41 CaseVantage 41 plaintiffs 41 asserted counterclaims 41 Judge Kollar Kotelly 41 Wyo. Stat 41 John Broadley Demjanjuk 41 colorable claim 41 Dkt. No. 41 nonfrivolous 41 Justice Gabriel Kolawole 41 Judge Rosemary Collyer 41 amicus curiae friend 41 interdepartmental coordination 41 GL c 41 Doc. # 41 BIA denial 41 NJSA #:#-# [004] 41 requestor petitioner 41 Partial Summary Judgment 41 Flast v. Cohen 41 Quo Warranto 41 Construing 41 interrogatory responses 41 ORS #.# [001] 40 plainly erroneous 40 reexaminations 40 Bedkes 40 pleadings 40 CPLR article 40 Judge Wallace Tashima 40 statutorily prescribed 40 precedential 40 equitable subrogation 40 Even assuming arguendo 40 substantive reasonableness 40 Chitwood Harley Harnes 40 Juvenile Dependency 40 ADJUDGED 40 draw reasonable inferences 40 reorganized Parmalat 40 Aric Cramer 40 adjudicatory hearing 40 eBay v. MercExchange 40 Emmanuel Fagbenle 40 Judge Steven Merryday 40 Tort Claim 40 severability provision 40 indefiniteness 40 impleadment 40 MGM v. Grokster 40 DMCA subpoena 40 Judge Judith Wizmur 40 International Arbitration LCIA 40 setoffs 40 judicially reviewed 40 Probate Courts 40 dischargeability 40 collateral estoppel 40 Permanent Injunction 40 Judge Redfield Baum 40 restitutionary 40 amici 40 Credibility determinations 40 Angiotech Entities 40 Restatement § 40 factual sufficiency 40 ERISA Litigation 40 overbreadth 40 Innovatier 40 Judicial Nominating Commissions 40 Datasci 40 Vericept patent 40 Seeger Weiss LLP 40 LHC Rawalpindi bench 40 Travelers Indemnity Co. 40 REMAND 40 Judge Altonaga 40 Subject Matter Jurisdiction 40 conclusory assertions 40 Stipulated Judgment 40 Litigants 40 Uniform Domain Name 40 litigants 40 frivolous vexatious 40 Edwards v. Aguillard 40 Justice JH Bhatia 40 preclusive 40 Judge Carl Barbier 40 Finra arbitration 40 Eleventh Circuits 40 CJEU 40 Tort Claims 40 constitutes patentable 40 Ron Spon 40 Geller Rudman 40 Appellate Division reversed 40 dispositional orders 40 patent litigations 40 arguable merit 40 Francisco Villaruz Jr. 40 Noerr Pennington 40 ex mero motu 40 Judge Kermit Lipez 40 preclear 40 Ms Justice Laffoy 40 LunarEye 40 Mandamus 40 classaction lawsuit 40 La. Code Civ 40 FINRA arbitrations 40 reasonable inferences drawn 40 Siskinds LLP 40 Hamdi v. 40 equitable estoppel 40 grandparent visitation 40 Judge Raner Collins 40 Justice Margot Botsford 40 manifest disregard 40 IT IS HEREBY 40 midlevel appeals 40 Kardis 40 sanctionable conduct 40 Reply Brief 40 Litigation 40 Edwin Kneedler 40 Tenn. R. Civ 40 Judge Eldon Fallon 40 Johnson Bottini LLP 40 Counterclaims 40 Voluntary Dismissal 40 Flast 40 Patent Infringement Lawsuit 40 instruct juries 40 LBR #-# 40 en banc 40 curative petitions 40 severability 40 adjudicative 40 District Judge Dickran 40 Public Utilities Commissions 40 Jury Instructions 40 Judge Bonnie Sabraw 40 precatory 40 correctly Rosoff 40 Judge Hans Liljeberg 40 adjudicating guilt 40 Amicus Curiae brief 40 antenuptial agreement 40 inferences therefrom 40 Consent Judgment 40 nunc pro tunc 40 affirmative misrepresentation 40 injunction precluding 40 CIETAC 40 Judge Matsch 40 Munby J 40 RCr #.# 40 conservatee 40 disbars 40 AS Chandiok 40 factual underpinnings 40 Marc Nadon 40 particularity requirement 40 Qui Tam 40 No. B# 40 Voir dire 40 CK Thakker 40 justices KS Radhakrishnan 40 Judge Dava Tunis 40 Constitutionality 40 Third Judicial Circuit 40 Justice Cowdroy 40 Perfumebay.com 40 Temporary Injunction 40 nonlawyers 40 KOLD News #Judge 40 procedural unconscionability 40 securityholder approval 40 Justice DK Deshmukh 40 colorable 40 Portley El 40 opinion concurring 40 declaratory injunctive 40 collegiums 40 Amended Judgment 40 Tikellis 40 Judge Herman Cahn 40 gatekeeping function 40 VirnetX patents 40 Justice Manmohan Sarin 40 Justice Karwi 40 MR Civ 40 Judge Shira Scheindlin 40 Ralph Gants 40 judgeâ 40 Sentelle wrote 40 Aslam Khaki 40 Iziyon 40 Spreigl evidence 40 VIOXX Product 40 § #-#-# b [002] 40 Proximate cause 40 Judge Marcia Cooke 40 Judge Algenon L. Marbley 40 injunctive relief 40 Amjad Sayed 40 Tort Immunity Act 40 extradite Karadzic 40 judges YK Sabharwal 40 5th DCA 40 antiretaliation provision 40 Sri Srinivasan 40 Defendants Appellants 40 facially invalid 40 Plaintiff Motion 40 Justice Jill Konviser 40 Mr. Narmont 40 Appellate Term 40 CK Mahajan 40 CJI YK Sabharwal 40 Election Tribunals 40 Antitrust Litigation 40 court 40 Sabraw 40 Labaton Sucharow LLP 39 habeas petitions 39 doctrinal congregation 39 Tessera patents 39 plantiffs 39 permanent injunctive relief 39 contemporaneous documentation 39 validly constituted 39 Final Judgments 39 Election Petitions 39 v. i4i 39 credibility determinations 39 extraneous prejudicial 39 BATCo 39 Judge Tauro 39 justiciable 39 qui tam litigation 39 Civil Procedure 39 Turner v. Safley 39 Contempt Order 39 Iturribarria v. INS 39 Judge Anne Mactavish 39 JUSTICE STEVENS 39 respectfully dissent 39 incurably defective 39 evidential basis 39 hereby AFFIRMED 39 qui tam actions 39 Preliminary Injunction 39 Datum Legal 39 spokeswoman Melodie Rydalch 39 adversarial proceeding 39 Lead Plaintiffs 39 Limine 39 UEP Trust 39 nonstatutory 39 functus officio 39 appealability 39 Amended Petition 39 disbarment proceedings 39 Edelson McGuire LLC 39 resentencings 39 Settling Parties 39 wagering ceasing 39 Lee Yeakel 39 Joel Rochon 39 Judge Philip Mangones 39 obviousness rejection 39 precleared 39 mandamus directing 39 9th Judicial Circuit 39 Siegelman Scrushy 39 mootness doctrine 39 fraudulent conveyance 39 Judge Yolanda Ciccone 39 ratemaking principles 39 JUSTICE BREYER 39 unpreserved 39 Justice Abutu 39 pretermitted 39 Bruesewitz v. 39 '# patent invalid 39 Altep Inc. 39 v. Black #cr# 39 AND ADJUDGED 39 Minn. R. Civ 39 KamberEdelson LLC 39 Judge Elissa Cadish 39 Chittenden Superior Court 39 Justice Babs Kuewumi 39 litigation 39 Judge Owen Panner 39 ECMR 39 Berman DeValerio 39 Vianale LLP 39 Patents Upheld 39 UFTA 39 prepackaged bankruptcies 39 VEBA memorandum 39 Judge Lawrence Piersol 39 DISH DVRs 39 AremisSoft Liquidating Trust 39 NJSA #:#-#.# [003] 39 Plaintiffs assert 39 Judge William Shashy 39 petitioner prayed 39 justices Altamas Kabir 39 f ailure 39 ttorney 39 Rule #:#-# b 39 injunctive reliefs 39 equitable apportionment 39 verbatim transcription 39 President Chat Chalavorn 39 IC § § 39 trustee Herbert Stettin 39 n otwithstanding 39 Bankruptcy Appellate 39 reexamination proceedings 39 Procedurally 39 reasonably arguable 39 § #.#-# et seq 39 s uch 39 NYCRR #.# [002] 39 fraudulent conveyances 39 NFTL 39 Shariat Court 39 Mike Vrabel Ben Leber 39 PP Bhatt 39 Spoliation 39 Judge Julia Aurigemma 39 defendant appellee 39 granting preliminary injunction 39 Yellowstone bison slaughter 39 Wins Patent Infringement 39 Walter Curchack 39 Charles Kenville 39 Justice PV Kakade 39 delisting wolves 39 S. Sontchi 39 advocate Viplav Sharma 39 postjudgment motion 39 contributory infringement 39 Marital Settlement Agreement 39 TCEQ commissioners 39 Microsoft willfully infringed 39 Judge Monti Belot 39 Zadvydas 39 Lockridge Grindal Nauen PLLP 39 Kailash Gambhir 39 Occlutech 39 Premarket Approval 39 Justice Pathik 39 Plaintiff asserts 39 unpatentability 39 Eleventh Circuit Court 39 Judicature 39 Justice Pumfrey 39 factfinding 39 recuses 39 Reed Kathrein 39 contractual indemnification 39 Neil Tuchten 39 Justice KP Sivasubramanian 39 Justice Louis LeBel 39 e ach 39 Maranger 39 doc. 39 Divorce Decree 39 parol evidence rule 39 Dr Shahdeen Malik 39 Judge Maraman 39 liberal justices dissented 39 Alan Himmelfarb 39 High Gain Antennas 39 iPCS subsidiaries 39 Su preme Court 39 Paul V. Niemeyer 39 Judge Saris 39 accusatory instrument 39 Aftab Ahmed Bajwa 39 Mark Zauderer 39 LLC KGS 39 § #B#.# [002] 39 inferable 39 expungements 39 L. Musmanno 39 Chancellor Daryl Fansler 39 Supreme Court.The 39 Jina Jonen 39 mass torts 39 Cubatabaco 39 PAJA 39 CellTrust patent 39 Thomas Hungar 39 habeas 39 factual inferences 39 Toxic Tort 39 LSA CCP art 39 Colo. Sess 39 Fed.R.Civ.P. 39 Muhammad Munir Paracha 39 EPLA 39 recusing 39 Interferences BPAI 39 NHPUC 39 nonsignatory 39 Judge Stephen Yelenosky 39 quasi judicial proceedings 39 movants 39 Backchannelmedia patent 39 CaseLogistix 39 construe statutes 39 Bankruptcy Procedure 39 Justice Amjad Sayed 39 proceeding 39 Eleventh Judicial 39 Res judicata 39 Refused 39 § #-#.# [004] 39 Samuel Buffone 39 Consent decrees 39 Writ Application 39 Hatch Waxman Amendments 39 Bestex 39 c ounsel 39 Judge Frederick Motz 39 procedurally defaulted 39 Baum Hedlund 39 Zwerling LLP 39 Judge Shelleyanne Chang 39 retry Jeffs 39 Rule #-# 39 factually unsupported 39 Shareholder Litigation