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(Click for frequent words.) 64 chlorophyll concentrations 64 surface temperatures SSTs 61 atmospheric CO2 concentration 61 cosmic ray flux 61 Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation AMO 60 microscopic phytoplankton 60 thermal inertia 60 interannual 60 interannual variability 60 Behrenfeld 59 phytoplankton populations 59 aerosol concentrations 59 marine phytoplankton 59 atmospheric methane 59 strontium isotope 59 oceanic circulation 59 glacial interglacial 58 coccolithophores 58 methanogenesis 58 benthic foraminifera 58 Pacific hake whitefish 58 phytoplankton blooms 58 paleoclimatic 58 SeaWiFS 57 radiative forcing 57 SST anomalies 57 CaCO 3 57 climatic variability 57 planktonic algae 57 seawater pH 57 atmospheric CO2 levels 57 anthropogenic CO 57 benthos 57 Rayleigh scattering 57 solar irradiance 56 carbonate ion 56 cosmic ray intensity 56 carbon fluxes 56 sulphate aerosols 56 Velicogna 56 interglacials 56 sunspot cycles 56 bacterial decomposition 56 terrestrial vertebrates 56 Le Quéré 56 atmospheric aerosols 56 oxygen isotope 56 atmospheric CO2 56 deglaciation 56 satellite altimetry 56 #.#oC [001] 56 reactive nitrogen 56 Elevated CO2 56 NDVI 56 Late Ordovician 55 palaeoclimate 55 neutrino mass 55 anthropogenic carbon dioxide 55 Last Glacial Maximum 55 oxygen isotopic composition 55 coastal upwelling 55 sulfur isotopes 55 teleconnections 55 ocean basins 55 Coral bleaching 55 seabed sediments 55 fish amphibians reptiles 55 terrestrial biosphere 55 N2 fixation 55 biospheric 55 Warmer seas 55 axial tilt 55 stomatal conductance 55 subglacial 55 coral calcification 55 springtime ozone 55 reef fishes 55 Sr Ca 55 phytoplankton bloom 55 nitrogen deposition 55 interglacial periods 55 Phanerozoic 55 mid Pliocene 55 aboveground biomass 55 boreal ecosystems 55 dissolved oxygen pH 55 atmospheric CO 54 CO2 fluxes 54 hydrologic cycle 54 Rossby waves 54 multidecadal 54 isotopic signatures 54 irradiance 54 Schmittner 54 glacial interglacial cycles 54 phytoplankton 54 geoid 54 midlatitude 54 multi decadal 54 anomalously warm 54 upper troposphere 54 isotope ratios 54 photic zone 54 Appy Sluijs 54 periodicities 54 albedo 54 Schladow 54 acidity pH 54 climate modellers 54 isotope fractionation 54 preindustrial times 54 Wm -2 54 terrestrial ecosystems 54 Antarctic krill 54 ecoregions 54 longwave radiation 54 total solar irradiance 54 oligotrophic 54 Rignot 54 carbon dioxide concentrations 54 evapo transpiration 54 oxyhemoglobin 54 ° C warmer 54 Fig. 4A 54 ppbv 54 oxygen isotope ratios 53 anthropogenic greenhouse gas 53 tropical latitudes 53 forams 53 copepod 53 evolvability 53 yr -1 53 Alternative splicing 53 diatom 53 CO2 CH4 53 midlatitudes 53 volcanic aerosols 53 boreal regions 53 atmospheric CO2 concentrations 53 geological timescales 53 vegetation greenness 53 Indian Ocean Dipole 53 planktonic foraminifera 53 Keeling Curve 53 Rahmstorf 53 anthropogenic warming 53 δ 53 ENSO cycle 53 molecular phylogenetic 53 temperate latitudes 53 biogeochemical processes 53 deep convective clouds 53 tropospheric temperature 53 Zeebe 53 nitrogen isotope 53 insolation 53 cirrus cloud 53 evapotranspiration 53 Supplementary Table 53 biogeochemical 53 paleomagnetic 53 downwelling 53 northerly latitudes 53 landfalling hurricanes 53 diatoms 53 stoichiometry 53 earths surface 53 Otto Bliesner 53 chlorophyll fluorescence 53 chlorophyll pigment 52 carbon isotope ratios 52 #.#C #.#C 52 Southern Oscillation Index 52 kyr 52 GtC 52 bioavailable iron 52 icesheets 52 contaminant concentrations 52 phosphorus concentrations 52 hydrograph 52 sulfate aerosols 52 Palaeocene Eocene Thermal Maximum 52 anthropogenic CO2 emissions 52 anthropogenic emissions 52 subpolar 52 isoprene 52 nitrogen fertilization 52 Prochlorococcus 52 prairies deserts 52 sun irradiance 52 Relative humidity 52 coolings 52 km3 52 temporal variability 52 elevational 52 auroral activity 52 fluorescence intensity 52 ocean upwelling 52 tiny single celled 52 planktonic 52 Antarctic stratosphere 52 thermodynamic stability 52 regression coefficients 52 equatorial latitudes 52 crustal thickness 52 tropospheric 52 Warmer oceans 52 magnon 52 hunting Kepler telescope 52 cyanobacterial blooms 52 Milankovitch cycles 52 absorption spectra 52 forcings 52 NCAR scientist Gerald Meehl 52 nearshore marine 52 morphological evolution 52 centistokes 52 Pacific Decadal Oscillation PDO 52 Coulomb blockade 52 stratospheric ozone depletion 52 plankton blooms 52 subseafloor 52 heterotrophic 52 differential gene expression 52 phylogeographic 52 Kilimanjaro glaciers 52 paleoenvironmental 52 Scotian Shelf 52 decadal 51 algal species 51 isotopic composition 51 mid latitudes 51 oysters shrimp crabs 51 decadal variability 51 EROI 51 atmospheric carbon dioxide 51 oxidized mercury 51 photosynthetically 51 equilibration 51 Serreze 51 solar minima 51 polar mesospheric clouds 51 helicity 51 microbial degradation 51 coronal loop 51 inorganic nitrogen 51 oceanic currents 51 dwelling organisms 51 atmospheric CO2 enrichment 51 Arctic icecap 51 Terre Adelie 51 tectonic plate movements 51 altimetry 51 Isle Royale wolf 51 nucleotide substitutions 51 atmospheric convection 51 fig. S2 51 isotopic ratios 51 oxygen isotopes 51 diurnal cycle 51 glacial melt 51 radiative transfer 51 SSTs 51 photosynthetic apparatus 51 anthropogenic CO2 51 glaciers recede 51 atmospheric moisture 51 Alexandrium 51 lipoprotein cholesterol 51 #.#C above 51 carbon isotopes 51 polar latitudes 51 temperature gradients 51 Great Conveyor Belt 51 reaction kinetics 51 Harmful algal blooms 51 temperature reconstructions 51 Pleistocene Ice Age 51 isotopic compositions 51 Diporeia 51 salinities 51 Global Precipitation Climatology 51 Pierre Friedlingstein 51 unfished 51 tropic regions 51 Late Devonian 51 Atlantic meridional overturning 51 Rubisco 51 El Nino Southern Oscillation 51 meridional flow 51 Raman spectra 51 albedo reflectivity 51 helium isotope 51 Aureococcus 51 photosynthetic organisms 51 advection 51 ectotherms 51 2ppm 51 glacier retreat 51 spatial variability 51 Trichodesmium 51 osmotic stress 51 bryozoan 51 trophic levels 51 Mg Ca 51 thermohaline circulation 51 ostracods 51 lunar magma 51 opossum shrimp 51 permafrost degradation 51 Secchi depth 51 El Niño Southern Oscillation 51 solar insolation 51 AMSR E 51 hypoxic zone 51 foraminifera 51 biogeochemical cycling 50 sequestering CO2 50 climate forcings 50 poleward 50 Fig. 1A 50 upwellings 50 glutamate glutamine 50 multifactor productivity 50 enthalpy 50 2oC 50 Global Biogeochemical Cycles 50 adsorbate 50 glacial retreat 50 mammal extinctions 50 rhizosphere 50 tropopause 50 meridional overturning circulation 50 spectral reflectance 50 glacial cycles 50 Amundsen Sea 50 #.#C #.#F [003] 50 polynyas 50 galaxy redshift 50 Bulk density 50 anthropogenic aerosols 50 Domoic acid neurotoxin 50 Permian extinction 50 Ontario Lacus 50 Claudia Tebaldi 50 Vertical wind shear 50 single celled algae 50 hydrological cycle 50 metabolite concentrations 50 hydroxyproline 50 seafloor sediments 50 carbonate ions 50 interglacial period 50 Dr Trewin 50 Southern Oscillation 50 anthropogenic greenhouse gases 50 diffusivity 50 phenotypic variation 50 Envisat ASAR 50 morphological similarities 50 spatial scales 50 equatorial Pacific Ocean 50 angiosperm 50 Jakobshavn Isbrae 50 abyssal plains 50 ocean eddies 50 abundances 50 dissolved inorganic 50 Cloudiness 50 glacial meltwater 50 Pseudo nitzschia 50 Phytoplankton 50 diurnal temperature 50 pliosaur ferocious predator 50 methane CH4 50 Symbiodinium 50 La Nià ± 50 aerosol particles 50 Jay Lawrimore chief 50 thermal conductance 50 sediments deposited 50 bull kelp 50 gaseous methane 50 zooplankton 50 metazoans 50 coralline algae 50 Gabriel Vecchi 50 sedimentological 50 Jay Zwally 50 Alpine glaciers 50 CO2 concentrations 50 CO2 equivalents 50 previously unstudied 50 cloud condensation nuclei 50 nitrogen fixation 50 supercooling 50 dynamical processes 50 cyanobacterial 50 Paleoclimate 50 relative abundances 50 ppm CO2 50 diatom species 50 cytochrome b 50 N2O emissions 50 chromatograms 50 Celsius #.#F 50 faunas 50 atmospheric circulations 50 paleoclimate 50 waterbird populations 49 carbonate globules 49 demersal fish 49 isotherms 49 crustaceans molluscs 49 multi celled 49 ppmv 49 airglow 49 C4 grasses 49 floral nectar 49 basaltic rocks 49 climatic variations 49 Fram Strait 49 tides currents 49 backscattering 49 lunar crust 49 nutrient loadings 49 sodium chloride NaCl 49 SUVmax 49 GHG concentrations 49 mT 49 Atmospheric CO2 49 micrometer scale 49 serum lipid 49 orbital eccentricity 49 Barometric pressure 49 isopods 49 La Ninas 49 aquatic biota 49 Soil pH 49 antineutrino 49 chromatogram 49 nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 49 lowermost mantle 49 sedimentary deposits 49 submicrometer 49 Alaskan glaciers 49 interconversion 49 biocapacity 49 Adélie penguins 49 fasting plasma insulin 49 Å -1 49 extratropical cyclones 49 albedo feedback 49 Fig. 3b 49 dinoflagellate 49 Young modulus 49 Zooplankton 49 Cenozoic 49 chimp genomes 49 bicarbonate ions 49 endothermic 49 thermal gradients 49 CDOM 49 teragrams 49 magnetic substorms 49 elevated atmospheric CO2 49 huxleyi 49 alongshore 49 aragonite 49 glycolytic 49 logarithmic scale 49 Oligocene epoch 49 Surface Temperature 49 shear modulus 49 hydrophobicity 49 predator prey dynamics 49 Eric Rignot 49 phytoplankton microscopic 49 fluxes 49 fluorimetry 49 bottomhole pressure 49 reef habitats 49 deplete ozone 49 mammalian sperm 49 tropical troposphere 49 Bindschadler 49 isostatic rebound 49 subantarctic 49 marine sediments 49 kg/m3 49 C# fullerenes 49 cyclicity 49 freshwater lakes rivers 49 Stratospheric ozone 49 comparative genomic analysis 49 Dissolved oxygen 49 barometric pressures 49 Earth biosphere 49 subcellular compartments 49 asthenosphere 49 isotherm 49 W/cm2 49 alpine glaciers 49 stomatal 49 stratocumulus clouds 49 gravitational redshift 49 autotrophic 49 Brackish water 49 nitrogen fixers 49 midge populations 49 Earth albedo 49 Fig. 1b 49 Corot 9b 49 nanostructural 49 serum homocysteine 49 microbial decomposition 49 Jakobshavn 49 Bleaching occurs 49 Earth axial tilt 49 predator prey interactions 49 CarbonTracker 49 Calorie intake 49 amplitudes 49 oC 49 X. laevis 49 mantle plumes 49 species extinctions 49 harmful algal bloom 49 tectonic uplift 49 ultraviolet radiation emitted 48 amino acid asparagine 48 Weiqing Han 48 blocks harmful ultraviolet 48 methyl chloroform 48 Eemian 48 manmade CO2 emissions 48 stochasticity 48 isotope composition 48 Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation 48 Toba eruption 48 Neogene 48 mso font pitch 48 kcal mol 48 seals walrus 48 photosynthetic 48 sedge meadows 48 steelhead spawning 48 biogeochemical cycles 48 radar altimetry 48 terrestrial vertebrate 48 martian meteorites 48 Halifax Weather Overcast 48 baryonic matter 48 biogeographic 48 glaciological 48 oxygenated hemoglobin 48 iceberg calving 48 palmitoleate 48 sulfate aerosol 48 UV wavelengths 48 Alexandrium fundyense 48 economically extractable 48 Stefan Rahmstorf 48 planktons 48 Biogeochemistry 48 volumetrically 48 marine biota 48 benthic macroinvertebrates 48 cometary material 48 sulfidic 48 agro ecosystems 48 Hotter summers 48 glacier melt 48 silicate rocks 48 Opposes drilling 48 microwell plate 48 nutrient inputs 48 refugia 48 ocean sediment cores 48 gravitational acceleration 48 diffraction patterns 48 helium isotopes 48 photoperiod 48 element osmium 48 warmer moister 48 contamination Nishiyama 48 upper tropospheric 48 fractal dimension 48 Subarctic 48 #.# bpa 48 Coarse grain 48 fluid viscosity 48 hydrated electron 48 Ultraviolet radiation 48 ecotoxicity 48 Kittlitz murrelets 48 Dr van Ommen 48 ocean acidity 48 EROEI 48 trans palmitoleate 48 oxygenic photosynthesis 48 Earth rotational axis 48 isotope ratio 48 marine plankton 48 hydrological cycles 48 glacier calving 48 Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum 48 acidifying oceans 48 thermal gradient 48 dewpoint temperature 48 urinary excretion 48 exoplanetary systems 48 photosynthetic machinery 48 temperate grasslands 48 MERIS 48 mesospheric 48 Fig. 2A 48 Fig. 2a 48 orthologous genes 48 Neanderthal genome sequence 48 W/m2 48 photocurrent 48 Anisotropy 48 Pacific Decadal Oscillation 48 marine ecologists 48 circulating endothelial progenitor cells 48 Kelvins 48 thermally induced 48 Canadell 48 vitellogenin 48 fig. S4 48 primitive meteorites 48 eumelanin 48 ocean salinity 48 biomasses 48 elastic moduli 48 photochemical reactions 48 nanoparticle toxicity 48 absorption coefficient 48 Eutrophication 48 atmospheric circulation 48 angiosperms 48 magnetic polarity 48 #.#C [004] 48 unicellular algae 48 Mpc 48 submerged aquatic vegetation 48 Eta Aquarid meteor shower 48 anerobic 48 Equatorial Pacific 48 nitrate nitrite 48 CSDs Dr Pepper 48 Ediacaran 48 electrochemical oxidation 48 polar oceans 48 reflectance 48 Pachauri IPCC 48 Earth thermosphere 48 subtropical gyre 48 Azolla 48 macroinvertebrate 48 filamentary structure 48 Paleogene 48 olivines 48 comb jellies 48 Chromatic aberration 48 carbon dioxide CO ² 48 Arctic oscillation 48 rotifer 48 El Nino warming 48 antineutrinos 48 Helheim glacier 48 cellularity 48 Hubble Constant 48 calcium Ca 48 refractive indices 48 Kharecha 48 Orjan Gustafsson 48 pH acidity 48 polychaete worms 48 pHs 48 diurnal variation 48 glacier shrinkage 48 IR spectra 48 isotopic 48 photon fluorescence 48 soluble solids 48 Sheet WAIS 48 seismic hydrographic 48 Normalized Difference Vegetation 48 metapopulation 48 extracellular proteins 48 ultracold temperatures 48 Permian Triassic 48 IEA trims 48 warmings 47 echinoderm 47 spatial heterogeneity 47 adsorption isotherms 47 #ppb Au [002] 47 corneal thickness 47 SI GaAs 47 microbially 47 Supplementary Fig 47 Ozone depletion 47 Milankovitch 47 electron neutrinos 47 Snowpacks 47 photochemistry 47 methane clathrates 47 fruit ripening 47 biogeochemical cycle 47 anaerobic respiration 47 austral summer 47 mountain glaciers 47 Scott Luthcke 47 atmospheric deposition 47 rumen fermentation 47 absorbs carbon dioxide 47 abyssal plain 47 cm -3 47 ultrashort pulses 47 degrees Fahrenheit warmer 47 solunar 47 pollutant concentrations 47 hydraulic conductivity 47 Eocene epoch 47 cave stalagmites 47 anthropogenically 47 Joan Kleypas 47 predatory fishes 47 Ulysses spacecraft 47 chlorine monoxide 47 Leonid shower 47 ostracodes 47 Bellingshausen Sea 47 photosynthetic pigments 47 Eq. 47 Glacial melt 47 depletes oxygen 47 sperm morphology 47 Roman Warm Period 47 thermal equilibrium 47 Weddell Sea 47 salt NaCl 47 Laki eruption 47 hydrosphere 47 Index NDVI 47 El Niños 47 Alexandrium cells 47 sulfur isotope 47 obliquity 47 triacylglycerol 47 emittance 47 microhabitats 47 C# atmospheric concentrations 47 reef corals 47 algal biomass 47 La Niñas 47 bathymetry 47 Cambrian Period 47 Corinne Le Quéré 47 MDRD 47 faunal 47 lunar perigee 47 evaporite deposits 47 lunar meteorites 47 photosynthesising 47 Neoproterozoic 47 Himalayan glaciers melting 47 isotopic signature 47 ontogenetic 47 Nernst 47 poleward shift 47 subsurface ocean 47 scarps indicating 47 expiratory flow 47 temperate zones 47 linearly proportional 47 Great Oxidation Event 47 hydrocarbon saturations 47 Plate tectonics 47 #.#-#.# degrees Fahrenheit [002] 47 giant squid Architeuthis 47 El Niño La Niña 47 sargassum 47 Brigham Grette 47 # º [001] 47 observable phenomena 47 Ryskin 47 Segmental duplications 47 warm interglacial 47 polar vortex 47 Bering seas 47 southern latitudes 47 Species extinction 47 absorbance 47 diffusion coefficients 47 spectroscopic analysis 47 coriolis 47 green pigment chlorophyll 47 Cenozoic era 47 salps 47 detectably 47 decadal scale 47 Joseph Fargione 47 Brenda Ekwurzel climate 47 animal phyla 47 amphipods 47 Chittka 47 bryozoans 47 acidic oceans 47 YORP effect 47 megafaunal 47 particle morphology 47 HER2 expression 47 variability 47 outlet glaciers 47 altitudinal 47 geosphere 47 terawatts 47 Paleocene Eocene 47 Seagrasses 47 LDL cholesterol concentrations 47 transmissivity 47 Messinian 47 phenotypic traits 47 evaporation 47 creatine kinase MB 47 Krkosek 47 CoML 47 KT boundary 47 Agulhas Current 47 monotonically 47 earthshine 47 subglacial lakes 47 annealing temperature 47 Medieval Warm Period MWP 47 kinematic viscosity 47 sunspot activity 47 interindividual variability 47 mrad 47 Cryogenian 47 ecotypes 47 Genetic variation 47 brood rearing 47 plantlike bacteria 47 Plasmodium infection 47 atmospheric oceanic 47 cetaceans whales 47 temperate regions 47 polarimetry 47 mitochondrial genomes 47 calcifying organisms 47 capillary sequencing 47 QPF 47 photoperiodic 47 #S rRNA gene 47 anthropogenic 47 SO2 emission 47 Fig. 2c 47 ARPES 47 comb jelly 47 specular reflection 47 weak gravitational lensing 47 temperature barometric pressure 47 molecular systematics 47 mantle convection 47 sheet Summerhayes 47 fecal pellets 47 Fig. 3c 47 thermosphere 47 #.#C warmer 47 cryosphere 47 teleost fish 47 anticyclones 47 Quaternary Period 47 coral Acropora 47 emitting fossil fuels 47 methane oxidation 47 phenological 47 planets atmospheres 47 drier summers 47 icecaps 47 warm blooded vertebrates 47 glacial earthquakes 47 pteropods 47 -# degrees Fahrenheit [002] 47 electron flux 47 CO2 eq 47 ° latitude 47 tumor perfusion 47 precessing 47 Aiguo Dai 47 Telomere length 47 Lophelia 47 fungal genomes 47 chondritic 47 prokaryotes 47 nitrification 47 ecoregion 47 soluble sugars 47 Nitrogen oxide emissions 47 depositional environment 47 harmful ultraviolet UV radiation 46 water vapor 46 spectroscopic technique 46 photosynthesis 46 Microcystis aeruginosa 46 Replikin Count 46 Polar Regions 46 Inventories subtracted 46 Antarctic Circumpolar Current 46 AEO# reference case 46 Bio SNG 46 thermohaline 46 Fig. 2B 46 trophic cascades 46 Eelgrass 46 cirrus clouds 46 Cardiorespiratory fitness 46 volcanic ridges 46 ρ 46 anthocyanin pigments 46 Noachian era 46 meridional 46 elastic modulus 46 autocorrelation 46 Ultraviolet UV radiation 46 Madden Julian Oscillation 46 -# degrees Centigrade 46 FDG uptake 46 PBDE concentrations 46 Demian Chapman 46 carotenoid pigments 46 glaciations 46 biogeographical 46 corneal astigmatism 46 IPCC AR4 46 bimodal distribution 46 warm interglacial periods 46 Banerdt 46 GISS analysis 46 shadowed craters 46 streamflow forecasts 46 Greenland Antarctica 46 linewidth 46 mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation 46 logarithmically 46 τ 46 metocean 46 waves droughts floods 46 Antarctic icecap 46 Kossin 46 albumin excretion rate 46 geomorphic 46 Himalayan river basins 46 dissolved oxygen concentrations 46 millimeter wavelengths 46 coevolution 46 epistasis 46 Biochemical Zoology 46 P. boisei 46 polarimetric 46 ferroelectricity 46 molluscan 46 absorbs CO2 46 hydrothermal fluid 46 toxic alga 46 Carbon dioxide CO2 46 geomorphological 46 nonlinearities 46 chloride concentrations 46 Antarctic glaciers 46 magmatism 46 Earthquake magnitudes 46 fluctuates seasonally 46 Hipparcos 46 Particulate emissions 46 sunspot numbers 46 #.#nm [002] 46 estuarine habitat 46 nonoverlapping 46 tropical coral reefs 46 eastern equatorial Pacific 46 Pam Soltis 46 chlorine peroxide 46 spectrophotometric 46 luteinising hormone LH 46 La Nina cooling 46 urinary BPA 46 micrometre sized 46 Gregory Asner 46 Puijila 46 anaerobic microorganisms 46 Hydrogen Sulfide H2S 46 sea turtle bycatch 46 carbon sequestered 46 Mercury exosphere