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(Click for frequent words.) 63 downwelling 60 oceanic circulation 60 coastal upwelling 58 chlorophyll concentrations 58 meridional overturning circulation 58 atmospheric convection 58 cyclogenesis 57 Atlantic meridional overturning 57 Rossby waves 57 anticyclonic 56 eastern equatorial Pacific 56 multidecadal 56 upper troposphere 56 lowermost mantle 56 meridional 56 midlatitudes 56 subpolar 56 surface temperatures SSTs 56 thermal gradient 55 oligotrophic 55 multi decadal 55 vorticity 55 Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation AMO 55 seabed sediments 55 rhizosphere 55 barometric pressures 55 teleconnections 55 advection 55 Late Paleozoic 55 thermohaline circulation 55 Agulhas Current 54 Lophelia 54 polar latitudes 54 annealing temperature 54 southern latitudes 54 northerly latitudes 54 supercooling 54 temporal variability 54 tropical subtropical 54 isotherm 54 polar vortex 53 Subarctic 53 mid tropospheric 53 El Niño Southern Oscillation 53 helicity 53 benthic foraminifera 53 SST anomalies 53 La Nina occurs 53 Equatorial Pacific 53 bioaccumulates 53 hyper saline 53 oceanic currents 53 nontropical 53 Mercury exosphere 53 salinities 53 boreal ecosystems 53 strontium isotope 52 Southern Oscillation 52 extratropical cyclones 52 Madden Julian Oscillation 52 fungus thrives 52 sunlight penetrates 52 airglow 52 tropopause 52 dormant spores 52 thermal gradients 52 anomalously warm 52 upper tropospheric 52 subseafloor 52 permafrost degradation 52 Subtropical 52 microhabitats 52 temperate latitudes 52 tropospheric 52 extratropical storms 52 MJO wave 52 convective 52 sub tropic 52 Warmer oceans 52 equatorial latitudes 52 water vapor condenses 52 bacterial decomposition 52 meridional flow 52 McMurdo Dry Valleys 52 Edzani 52 terrestrial biosphere 51 Subtropical Storm Laura 51 upwellings 51 tropical cyclone formation 51 dessication 51 microscopic phytoplankton 51 albedo feedback 51 Brackish water 51 cyanobacterial blooms 51 iron sulphate 51 equatorial waters 51 midlatitude 51 osmotic pressure 51 stratospheric ozone depletion 51 deglaciation 51 ocean basins 51 thermohaline 51 subpolar gyre 51 Tropical depressions 51 tropic regions 51 isobars 51 sodium chloride NaCl 51 ENSO cycle 51 phytoplankton bloom 51 continental rifting 51 Subtropical depression 51 ridging 51 Mata Atlantica 51 Arctic oscillation 51 mesoscale 51 osmotic stress 51 chemosynthesis 51 SSTs 51 Azolla 51 Fig. 2B 51 Appy Sluijs 51 acid soils 51 alongshore 51 humid tropics 51 Fram Strait 51 polar mesospheric clouds 51 air advection 50 biogeographic 50 poleward shift 50 hydrological cycle 50 stratocumulus clouds 50 sulphate aerosols 50 poleward 50 Upwelling 50 Fig. 1C 50 phytoplankton blooms 50 hypersaline 50 El Nino Southern Oscillation 50 Saharan Dust 50 Antarctic Circumpolar Current 50 chironomid 50 Schmittner 50 nonequilibrium 50 Pacific Subtropical Gyre 50 southerly latitudes 50 broadleaf forests 50 refugia 50 interannual variability 50 single celled algae 50 benthos 50 steering currents 50 abyssal plain 50 planktons 50 decadal variability 50 Atlantic thermohaline circulation 50 tropic 50 acidifying oceans 50 ocean upwelling 50 chlorine monoxide 50 photochemical processes 50 backscattering 50 atmospheric moisture 50 equatorial 50 northwesterly flow 50 moisture condenses 50 pentamer 50 leaf wetness 50 #.#C #.#C 50 Greater Antilles 50 tides currents 50 zone ITCZ 50 subtropical cyclone 50 thermal inertia 50 plankton blooms 50 subtropical ridge 50 photosynthesising 50 aquatic fauna 49 cyclonic circulations 49 Southern Annular Mode 49 Mesoscale 49 saltwater estuary 49 temperature gradients 49 La Nina cooling 49 reef habitats 49 nitrogen fixers 49 gyres 49 photosynthetic bacterium 49 gelation 49 Ontario Lacus 49 chromosphere 49 radiative cooling 49 Harmful algal blooms 49 Subtropical Storm Otto 49 Tropical Storm Neki 49 biogeochemical cycles 49 spatially separated 49 nucleating 49 copepod 49 hypoxic zone 49 hydrothermal fluid 49 Alexandrium 49 Tropical Convergence 49 subsurface ocean 49 #.#oC [001] 49 temperature gradient 49 Proteobacteria 49 mantle plumes 49 airflows 49 ingression 49 noctilucent cloud 49 anticyclones 49 dwelling organisms 49 polymerizes 49 climatic variations 49 Brigham Grette 49 Indian Ocean Dipole 49 semi permeable 49 Coral bleaching 49 mantle convection 49 volcanic ridges 49 supercooled liquid 49 prevailing westerly winds 49 proteinaceous 49 La Niñas 49 depletes oxygen 49 2oC 49 biogeochemical 49 condensation nuclei 49 chemosynthetic 49 isotopic signatures 49 Bingiza 49 saturable 48 Halifax Weather Overcast 48 rotating updraft 48 Saharan Desert 48 Vertical wind shear 48 thermocline 48 anthropogenic aerosols 48 polynyas 48 thermodynamic properties 48 diffusive 48 deoxygenated hemoglobin 48 reef corals 48 atmospheric circulation 48 molecules adsorbed 48 ocean eddies 48 acidifies 48 Hurricane Elida 48 absorbs moisture 48 oxygenic photosynthesis 48 #oC [002] 48 hydrologic cycle 48 microbial degradation 48 recrystallization 48 viscoelasticity 48 S'ly 48 thermodynamically 48 velocity dispersion 48 convection currents 48 mesic 48 nucleated 48 subalpine meadows 48 abscission 48 Antarctic stratosphere 48 lowering blood glucose 48 Nernst 48 isotope fractionation 48 lithospheric 48 La Nià ± 48 hydrosphere 48 estuarine waters 48 elkhorn corals 48 hydrophobicity 48 climatic variability 48 oxidise 48 ectotherms 48 ITCZ 48 Domoic acid neurotoxin 48 Rayleigh scattering 48 algal species 48 Warm moist 48 subtropical jet 48 phytoplankton populations 48 protonated 48 Calcium carbonate 48 irradiance 48 ionized gases 48 gimble 48 convection 48 hysteresis loop 48 tectonic plate boundary 48 Andres weakens 48 cosmic ray intensity 48 phytoplankton biomass 48 Pacific Decadal Oscillation PDO 48 M1 muscarinic 48 Alboran Sea 48 foehn 48 equilibration 48 AMSR E 48 chemically modify 48 deoxygenated 48 microbial decomposition 48 tensile stresses 48 equatorial Pacific Ocean 47 wetlands estuaries 47 humidifies 47 metastable 47 magnetotactic bacteria 47 Porites 47 viscous fluids 47 entrained 47 warmer wetter winters 47 Sermilik Fjord 47 thermally stable 47 Heliconius 47 Hellas Planitia 47 clathrates 47 Fig. 4A 47 bacterium Bacillus subtilis 47 Claudette weakens 47 glaciological 47 Gas hydrates 47 Westerlies 47 autotrophic 47 saline intrusion 47 Fig. 1A 47 El Niño La Niña 47 #.#C #.#F [003] 47 cirrus cloud 47 #deg C 47 marine phytoplankton 47 thermally induced 47 cotyledon 47 Bleaching occurs 47 Snake River Plain 47 polariton 47 polar stratospheric 47 lacustrine 47 Fig. 2a 47 Fred Grassle 47 karstic 47 System #L 47 Tyrrhenian 47 biogeographical 47 mid Pliocene 47 turbulent eddies 47 mesoscale convective 47 sunspot cycles 47 permafrost melts 47 cave stalagmites 47 longwave radiation 47 Atlantic Gyre 47 antarctic 47 Fig. 3A 47 freshwater estuaries 47 -# degrees Centigrade 47 Great Conveyor Belt 47 mammalian brains 47 mesocyclone 47 branching coral 47 upland forests 47 Polar Regions 47 Fig. 2b 47 post perovskite 47 aqueous environments 47 fig. S1 47 xylem 47 distantly related organisms 47 corona discharge 47 Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation 47 paleoenvironmental 47 trigger scattered showers 47 coccolithophores 47 fluid viscosity 47 stony coral 47 microbialites 47 fungus gnat 47 C4 grasses 47 windward slopes 47 thermodynamically stable 47 brackish marshes 47 subtropics 47 ice nucleation 47 branching morphogenesis 47 planktonic 47 atmospheric oceanic 47 volcanic basalt 47 upwelling 47 Southern Oscillation Index 47 thermophiles 47 green alga 47 North Pacific Gyre 47 fruit ripening 47 aeolian 47 branching corals 47 planetary atmospheres 47 magnetospheric 47 Velicogna 47 Fluctuating temperatures 47 periodicities 47 teleost fish 47 tectonic uplift 47 contamination Nishiyama 47 biogeochemical processes 47 globular proteins 47 alluvial plains 47 tropics 47 aerosol concentrations 47 sheet Summerhayes 47 scatterometer 46 Kelvin -# 46 striata 46 larvae burrow 46 terrestrial ecosystems 46 -5 ° C. 46 fernlike 46 Artic Ocean 46 convective storms 46 tidal inundation 46 salicornia 46 -# degrees Celcius 46 nitric oxide synthase 46 Garcinia cambogia 46 paracellular 46 satellite altimetry 46 glacial interglacial 46 ablates 46 coiled coil 46 Cantabrian Sea 46 rifting 46 calcic 46 depth hoar 46 immiscible 46 desiccation 46 subtropical regions 46 sargassum 46 convective heat 46 Pseudo nitzschia 46 foliation 46 ENSO El Nino 46 chemically reactive 46 Mississippi flyways 46 anticlockwise direction 46 oscillation 46 oceanic islands 46 subantarctic 46 circumstellar disk 46 coronal loop 46 cobblestone streets doused 46 forams 46 Zooplankton 46 ENSO 46 thermal diffusivity 46 carbon fluxes 46 rhythmic contractions 46 Fig. 4B 46 warmer drier summers 46 cosmic ray flux 46 Tropical Storm Igor 46 deplete ozone 46 inferior frontal 46 ringlike 46 tropical savannah 46 fine grained sediment 46 Alexandrium fundyense 46 Saharan dust 46 microwave remote sensing 46 eolian 46 coral Acropora 46 Late Ordovician 46 auroral activity 46 sag southward 46 paramagnetic 46 thermally activated 46 electron pairs 46 PANHANDLE soil 46 hydrocarbons nitrogen oxides 46 trans palmitoleate 46 montane 46 bar tailed godwit 46 seafloor sediment 46 pteropod 46 Fig. 1b 46 moves west northwestward 46 Elevated CO2 46 melting polar icecaps 46 compressive stress 46 aerobic composting 46 abiotic stresses 46 pteropods 46 Crozet Islands 46 gaseous methane 46 Noctilucent clouds 46 ecotypes 46 mesosphere 46 Kermadec Arc 46 volcanic plumes 46 hematite chlorite 46 extratropical 46 monsoonal flow 46 fibrillar 46 pH acidity 46 Lophelia coral 46 Brazil juts farthest 46 bi axial 46 thermal conduction 46 pallidus 46 Tropical cyclones 46 Eutrophication 46 shadowed craters 46 isotherms 46 nutria ate 46 Namib desert 46 proximal tubule 46 Lake Yoa 46 bull kelp 46 subducting plate 46 climatically 46 circum Pacific 46 easterly winds blowing 46 deplete oxygen 46 Amundsen Sea 46 ° -# ° [002] 46 fig. S2 46 ammonium ions 46 humid airmass 46 mildly alkaline 46 tropical troposphere 46 Lake Untersee 46 microbes decompose 46 humid subtropical 46 physiographic 46 bilayers 46 vibrationally excited 46 coral skeletons 46 electromagnetic flux 46 bicarbonate ions 46 oxygen isotopic composition 46 cloud microphysics 46 tiny single celled 46 Dr Trewin 46 Barometric pressure 46 #.#C above 46 acetyl CoA 46 ultraviolet wavelength 46 subarctic regions 46 Plains northeastward 46 blocks harmful ultraviolet 46 calcium carbonate skeletons 46 stoichiometry 46 bioavailable iron 46 erosional 46 altocumulus 46 mid latitudes 46 sexually dimorphic 46 cratered highlands 46 Oxygenation 45 thermal vents 45 stomatal conductance 45 El Nino warming 45 moist airmass 45 calcareous soils 45 millibar 45 moisture absorption 45 Tectonic plates 45 lithosphere 45 Puijila 45 fibrin deposition 45 Gabriel Vecchi 45 ectodermal 45 vaporises 45 Strong northerly winds 45 hydrological cycles 45 intermolecular forces 45 acidity pH 45 Hotter drier weather 45 -# ° [002] 45 moisture vapor 45 synoptic 45 filamentary structures 45 Gakkel Ridge 45 absorption spectra 45 kelps 45 fig. S3 45 vegetation greenness 45 moistens 45 Geologically speaking 45 bacterium Vibrio 45 entrain 45 Thermohaline circulation 45 dermal papilla 45 latitudes 45 Subduction zones 45 Behrenfeld 45 groundwater seepage 45 asthenosphere 45 El Nino La Nina 45 dewpoint temperature 45 Kuiseb River 45 Ozone depletion 45 tidally 45 Tropical Storm Nana 45 spatial variability 45 Hammerhead sharks 45 subtropical climate 45 shallowing 45 capillarity 45 circumstellar 45 bacterial mats 45 sodium chloride salt 45 hygroscopic 45 turbidites 45 bryozoan 45 radiate outwards 45 nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 45 densely branched 45 solvation 45 geothermal gradient 45 iron fertilization 45 palaeoclimate 45 superluminal 45 faunas 45 respired 45 stratospheric clouds 45 La Niña pattern 45 2degC 45 hectopascals 45 prograde 45 shallow weedy 45 freshwater lakes rivers 45 woody ornamental plants 45 hydrate formation 45 mola mola 45 radiative transfer 45 duff layer 45 hyphae 45 glacial cycles 45 bryozoans 45 breeding waders 45 ppm CO2 45 Robert Molleda meteorologist 45 fringing reef 45 Pacific Decadal Oscillation 45 magnetosomes 45 rocky intertidal 45 MJO 45 bays estuaries 45 solunar 45 dielectric permittivity 45 overspreading 45 peroxidation 45 flagellar motor 45 wetter winters 45 basaltic rocks 45 Giant salvinia 45 phytoplankton zooplankton 45 seismogenic 45 estuaries bays 45 Min Temp #.# 45 Shallower 45 El Niños 45 excitonic 45 Siple Dome 45 thermal decomposition 45 Magellanic 45 Puget Sound lowlands 45 magmatism 45 anthocyanin pigments 45 Indo Gangetic plains 45 Messinian 45 removes impurities 45 SOUTHWEST TEXAS soil 45 Paleogene 45 thermal convection 45 abyssal 45 Rounded Reversal 45 stormier debris 45 filamentary 45 mantled 45 crystalline solids 45 gravities 45 dipolar 45 easterlies 45 thermodynamic equilibrium 45 drifting northward 45 Seagrasses 45 Aâ 45 micro droplets 45 harmful ultraviolet UV radiation 45 crustal thickness 45 shrublands 45 temprature 45 broadleaf evergreen 45 reabsorbs 45 El Nino Modoki 45 dry airmass 45 Supplementary Fig 45 saltwater estuaries 45 deep convective clouds 45 larval dispersal 45 elongated orbits 45 Little Assawoman Bay 45 drift eastward 45 warm blooded vertebrates 45 desiccating 45 atmospheric deposition 45 ROLLING PLAINS soil 45 rheological 45 thereby amplifies 45 downsloping 45 adsorbs 45 geomorphological 45 nitrogen fixation 45 infalling gas 45 WEATHER Sunny 45 Mostly Cloudy Currently 45 calcium carbonate shells 45 rotating counterclockwise 45 Mud volcanoes 45 Eelgrass 45 acidify 45 brittle deformation 45 Warmer seas 45 Kossin 45 gravitational acceleration 45 Fig.1 45 Weddell Sea 45 tunicate 45 Acidity 45 trekked eastward 45 isotopic signature 45 latitudinal 45 overlying sandstone 45 filter impurities 45 SAXS 45 reaction kinetics 45 Ernst Peebles 45 temperature salinity 45 waviness 45 monsoonal moisture 45 tropical 45 subtropical 45 Silica gel 45 subglacial lakes 45 Fig. 3B 45 embrittlement 45 Reactive oxygen 45 clathrate 45 mantling 45 coniferous forests 45 perturbations 45 dynamical processes 45 beech forests 45 coastal headlands 45 Jakobshavn Isbrae 45 whales migrate 45 microscopic bubbles 45 recolonization 45 Xenopus laevis 45 photosynthetic algae 45 Sea Surface Temperature 45 Volcanic gases 45 silicate dust 45 subalpine 45 Golfo Dulce 45 tropospheric temperature 45 Southern Hemispheres 45 tropical latitudes 44 equatorial Pacific 44 transverses 44 inflorescences 44 ipRGCs 44 southwesterly flow 44 antioxidant glutathione 44 dip shallowly 44 volcanic lava flows 44 olivines 44 Navy copter crashes 44 sulfidic 44 westerly airflow 44 hydrothermal vent 44 crystal lattices 44 carbamate insecticides 44 Invest #L 44 martensitic 44 Fig. 2A 44 aquatic biodiversity 44 detectably 44 mauve stinger 44 Ascochyta 44 northeasterlies 44 beta. 44 pulmonary arterial 44 thoraxes 44 Sheet WAIS 44 Biogeochemistry 44 concentration gradient 44 Moisture laden 44 subglacial 44 rainbands 44 meteorologist Myron Padgett 44 semi permeable membrane 44 boreal regions 44 Nitrogen fixation 44 Last Glacial Maximum 44 circularly polarized light 44 synthesize vitamin D 44 atmospheric circulations 44 northerlies 44 carbonic acid 44 mucus secretions 44 austral 44 brevetoxins 44 harmful algal bloom 44 Oscillation 44 Abundant sunshine 44 algal mats 44 dimethyl sulfide 44 polar oceans 44 southeastwards 44 infall 44 giant squid Architeuthis 44 Cryogenian 44 collisional 44 flatfishes 44 molluscan 44 Fig. 2c 44 NCAR scientist Gerald Meehl 44 green pigment chlorophyll 44 Brine shrimp 44 amyloid deposition 44 reduced graphene oxide 44 Atlantic Ocean 44 geodynamic 44 evolvability 44 bioelectrical 44 protein clumps 44 calcific 44 salps 44 cyclonic circulation 44 seaboards 44 seabird nesting 44 elevational 44 geosphere 44 Magellanic Stream 44 advanced argillic alteration 44 sine curve 44 galactic disk 44 tectonically 44 zodiacal dust 44 gulf fritillary 44 bathymetric 44 Semi arid 44 upflow 44 ADPKD patients 44 Methane hydrate 44 macrocycle 44 Fig. 4a 44 recurrent coronal hole 44 unimodal 44 chemically altering 44 fibrous tissues 44 Antarctic krill 44 tensile stress 44 underwater volcanoes 44 tectonically active 44 polynya 44 fringing reefs 44 bushy shrub 44 Pacific Gyre 44 respiring 44 Gangetic 44 solvent evaporation 44 phreatic 44 SNARE complex 44 tempera tures 44 volatilized 44 tidal estuaries 44 pressure natriuresis 44 suggested desalinating sea 44 microdroplets 44 photochemical reaction 44 drydown 44 hollow cylindrical 44 fluorescence quenching 44 yr -1 44 optic lobes 44 malaria vector 44 vibrational modes 44 trans lycopene 44 lunar magma 44 Sargasso Sea 44 tidal flushing 44 counter clockwise rotation 44 glacier melts 44 southwesterlies 44 sediments deposited 44 deca BDEs 44 Drywood termites 44 australis 44 specular reflection 44 interplanetary magnetic field 44 intraplate 44 Hellas Basin 44 arid semi arid 44 swamp sparrow 44 freshwater snails 44 benthic organisms 44 endothelial lining 44 bottomhole pressure 44 Figure 1C 44 intraventricular 44 Whillans Ice Stream 44 absorbs carbon dioxide 44 underwater volcanos 44 droplet formation 44 central equatorial Pacific 44 gradient 44 choroidal 44 el Nino 44 gill slits 44 claystone 44 Plate tectonics 44 Laptev Sea 44 cratons 44 oceanic lithosphere 44 anoxic 44 NDVI 44 epiphytic 44 tropically 44 Methyl mercury 44 spatial scales 44 deserts jungles 44 catechol 44 westerly trough 44 Coweeta 44 solarization 44 extratropical cyclone 44 Biologically speaking 44 glacial fjord 44 Oceanus Procellarum 44 flood basalts 44 acetylated 44 pupae consume 44 serotonin transporter binding 44 hPa 44 interplanetary magnetic 44 Hunga Tonga 44 marinus 44 hotter climates 44 abyssal plains 44 dextral 44 volatilize 44 Anabaena 44 airstream 44 geomorphic 44 tidal inlets 44 fungus infects 44 snowier winters 44 subarctic 44 corrugation 44 oxidising 44 extrusive 44 migrate southward 44 Walruses dive 44 emergent vegetation 44 karst geology 44 Min temp 44 dentinal 44 Weiqing Han 44 cyclic AMP cAMP 44 Svaliava 44 Permeability 44 west northwesterly 44 mangrove habitats 44 radar altimetry 44 minus #degC 44 Heliconius butterflies 44 reproduce prolifically 44 vertical wind shear 44 Syrtis Major 44 geodynamics 44 Bachman sparrow 44 ATP synthase 44 carbon isotope ratios 44 oxidized mercury 44 deltaic 44 Arsenic occurs 44 dense clumps 44 Tropical Storm Ignacio 44 prominences 44 hydroxide ions 44 oxidised LDL 44 osteoblastic 44 southwestward 44 landfalling 44 pulsed Doppler 44 strongly altered mafic