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(Click for frequent words.) 71 fluorophores 68 fluorescent dye 67 confocal microscopy 67 FRET 66 photobleaching 66 fluorescent dyes 65 luminescence 65 autofluorescence 65 chemiluminescence 65 fluorescence intensity 65 fluorescing 65 fluorescent probes 65 Fluorescence 65 fluorescent molecules 64 fluorescent 64 luciferase 64 fluorophore 64 photoluminescence 63 absorbance 63 fluorescent proteins 63 fluorescence imaging 63 absorption spectra 63 immunofluorescence 63 transfer FRET 62 fluorescent protein 62 spectroscopy 62 quantum dots 62 chromophore 62 fluorescence microscopy 62 plasmon 61 fluorescence resonance energy 61 fluorescence quenching 61 photon fluorescence 61 multiphoton 61 fluorescently tagged 61 microscopy 61 quantum dot 60 analyte 60 fluorescent marker 60 diffraction pattern 60 fluorescently labeled 60 fluorescent molecule 60 photoreceptor 60 fluorescence spectra 60 photoactivation 60 Raman scattering 60 Raman spectroscopy 60 fluorescence detection 60 electrophoretic 60 interferometry 60 absorption spectroscopy 60 near infrared NIR 59 fluoresces 59 Doppler sonography 59 Situ Hybridization FISH 59 chromophores 59 wavelengths 59 confocal 59 confocal microscope 59 surface plasmon resonance 59 magnetization 59 fluoresce 59 paramagnetic 59 fluorescence microscope 59 photothermal 59 fluorescence excitation 59 photon microscopy 58 rhodopsin 58 Raman spectra 58 X ray pulses 58 fluorochrome 58 situ hybridisation 58 surface plasmon 58 photodiode 58 porphyrin 58 birefringence 58 electron microscopy 58 SWCNT 58 fluorescence spectroscopy 58 spectrophotometric 58 photon 58 Fluorescent 58 situ hybridisation FISH 58 photons emitted 58 emission spectra 58 nonlinear optical 58 spectra 58 exciton 58 dye molecules 57 deconvolution 57 fluorescence emission 57 photostability 57 QDs 57 fluorescein 57 fluorogenic 57 emits photons 57 photons 57 excitation 57 microscopy techniques 57 photon counting 57 spectrophotometry 57 semiconductor nanocrystals 57 EGFP 57 fluorescent markers 57 electroluminescence 57 x ray beams 57 phosphors 57 micrographs 57 HiLyte Fluor ™ 57 nanocrystals 57 THz radiation 57 phosphorescence 57 immunostaining 57 SDS PAGE 57 photocurrent 57 circularly polarized light 57 confocal laser scanning 57 ultraviolet laser 57 flow cytometry 57 micrograph 57 spectrally 57 photon microscope 57 femtosecond 56 intramolecular 56 dopant 56 indocyanine green 56 situ hybridization 56 femtosecond pulses 56 MALDI 56 photodiodes 56 diffraction 56 rubidium vapor 56 Near Infrared 56 scintillator 56 GFPs 56 photoactive 56 biomolecules 56 frequency comb 56 infrared wavelength 56 nanodiamond 56 fluorescent nanoparticles 56 quantitative PCR 56 diffraction patterns 56 bistable 56 luminance 56 qdots 56 nanocages 56 induced fluorescence 56 Cy3 56 transduction 56 ionization 56 fluorescent microscopy 56 scanning microscopy 56 evanescent waves 56 X ray spectroscopy 56 nanocrystal 56 laser pulse 56 linearly polarized 56 backscattered 56 interferometric 56 UV light 56 gold nanoclusters 56 visible wavelengths 56 porphyrins 56 nanotags 56 photons particles 55 DEV DA TOMAR NEXT 55 photosensitizer 55 microcavity 55 colorimetric 55 PCR amplification 55 gel electrophoresis 55 synchrotron X ray 55 spectroscopic analysis 55 laser pulses 55 lysate 55 phonon 55 ultraviolet wavelengths 55 darkfield 55 streptavidin 55 crystallinity 55 diffracted 55 laser irradiation 55 transmission electron microscopy 55 photon emission 55 photolysis 55 sensitizer 55 monochromator 55 #nm laser [001] 55 wavelength 55 radiotracer 55 circular dichroism 55 annexin V 55 fluorescently 55 waveguide 55 nanomagnets 55 luciferin 55 near infrared fluorescence 55 silicon waveguide 55 immunocytochemistry 55 melanopsin 55 brightfield 55 widefield 55 zebrafish embryos 55 Supplementary Fig 55 photodetector 55 photon energies 55 femtosecond laser 55 amplitudes 55 electrochemically 55 immunofluorescence microscopy 55 spectroscopic imaging 55 correlation spectroscopy 55 cryo electron microscopy 55 pulsed lasers 55 ZnSe 55 bioluminescence imaging 55 radioactive tracer 54 spectroscopic 54 confocal imaging 54 UV VIS 54 infrared 54 Raman spectroscopic 54 anisotropy 54 spectroscopic technique 54 helium ions 54 stimulated emission 54 optically 54 ultraviolet light 54 supercontinuum 54 photonic crystal 54 microcavities 54 x ray pulses 54 refractive indices 54 surface plasmons 54 sodium atoms 54 relaxivity 54 lysates 54 optical wavelengths 54 colloidal crystals 54 circular polarization 54 antibody antigen 54 refractive index 54 immunoreactivity 54 immunofluorescent 54 linearly polarized light 54 reflectance 54 magnetic beads 54 ionisation 54 lanthanide 54 InGaAs 54 photoacoustic 54 supernatant 54 photocatalyst 54 calorimetric 54 electron 54 photon laser 54 ultrafast laser 54 CdSe 54 Alexa Fluor 54 MALDI MS 54 iron oxide nanoparticles 54 dipole moment 54 ultra violet light 54 situ hybridization FISH 54 nanoprobes 54 electrochemical 54 thiols 54 wavelength ultraviolet 54 helium atoms 54 retinal neurons 54 phototransistor 54 amplitude modulated 54 X ray microscopy 54 Quantum dots 54 terahertz waves 54 HEK# cells 54 plasmons 54 spectroscopic techniques 54 isotropic 54 SWCNTs 54 spectral reflectance 54 infrared photons 54 mRNA molecules 54 EMCCD 53 cell lysates 53 optical waveguides 53 vivo 53 array CGH 53 UV Visible 53 optical microscopy 53 methylated DNA 53 evanescent wave 53 nanopillars 53 depolarized 53 embryoid bodies 53 conjugated polymers 53 subwavelength 53 phytochrome 53 fluorescent dye molecules 53 dispersive 53 ultrasonics 53 spectroscopic methods 53 fluorescence microscopes 53 photoreceptors 53 hydro Cy3 53 #nm wavelength [001] 53 photometer 53 vimentin 53 birefringent 53 MDCK cells 53 polariton 53 opsins 53 diffusible 53 donor acceptor 53 retinal cells 53 cm -1 53 infrared laser 53 terahertz frequencies 53 electron neutrinos 53 florescence 53 vibrational spectroscopy 53 Fig. 2b 53 dichroic 53 laser excitation 53 laser scanning confocal 53 DAPI 53 brightness 53 firefly luciferase 53 polarimetry 53 biomolecular interactions 53 transgene expression 53 intravital 53 reflectometry 53 Raman microscopy 53 x ray beam 53 Annexin V 53 electron density 53 analytes 53 quantum mechanically 53 nuclei 53 SAXS 53 PCR assay 53 Fluorescence microscopy 53 spectral 53 ^ sup #m 53 tumorigenicity 53 inhomogeneity 53 magnetic bead 53 plasmonic 53 Fluorescent proteins 53 infrared spectra 53 immunoprecipitation 53 QCLs 53 spectrometry 53 brightfield microscopy 53 photon detection 53 gene amplification 53 fluorescence polarization 53 diffract 53 transfected cells 53 transfection 53 beta galactosidase 53 spectroscopically 53 hematoxylin 53 Lyman alpha 53 dimer 53 shorter wavelengths 53 superlens 53 avidin 53 spectroscope 53 chromatogram 53 excitons 53 bilayer graphene 53 SWNT 53 gold nanorods 53 chemotaxis 53 x ray diffraction 53 diffraction grating 53 emission wavelength 53 pentacene molecule 53 cortical neurons 53 SiMoA 52 martensite 52 DNase 52 phosphor coating 52 photometric 52 poly L lysine 52 biomolecule 52 crystallins 52 fluoresced 52 mesoporous 52 cone photoreceptors 52 Confocal microscopy 52 FISH fluorescence 52 Immunofluorescence 52 immunofluorescence staining 52 electron diffraction 52 endothelial cell 52 molecule 52 Reflectance 52 GFP 52 zebrafish larvae 52 GAPDH 52 laser speckle 52 biotinylated 52 epithelial cell 52 circular polarized 52 CD#c 52 keV 52 emittance 52 Rab5 52 nanostars 52 quantitation 52 molecular beacons 52 T2 weighted images 52 dI dV 52 Fig. 4a 52 GFP fluorescence 52 frequency combs 52 magnesium ion 52 photoconductive 52 ethidium bromide 52 mammalian cells 52 cytoplasmic 52 femtosecond laser pulses 52 capillary electrophoresis 52 intracavity 52 TappingMode 52 ultraviolet UV light 52 UV wavelengths 52 pulsed Doppler 52 ssDNA 52 molecules 52 faint galaxies 52 linewidth 52 photon absorption 52 nuclease 52 quasiparticle 52 zebrafish embryo 52 supernatants 52 microlens 52 ipRGCs 52 unmethylated DNA 52 photochromic 52 Fig. 1a 52 radioactive tracers 52 electrophoresis 52 FTIR spectroscopy 52 photoreceptor cells 52 ultra violet UV 52 micrometer scale 52 vesicle fusion 52 attosecond 52 ganglion cells 52 Dynabeads 52 apical membrane 52 genomic DNA 52 xenon lamp 52 methylation patterns 52 x ray scattering 52 chemotactic 52 lipid membrane 52 phagocytosis 52 wavelength infrared 52 cytotoxicity 52 titania 52 miRNA expression 52 oxyhemoglobin 52 microcapsule 52 absorbs photons 52 resonant frequency 52 #nm laser [002] 52 hippocampal neurons 52 InGaN 52 infrared laser beam 52 diffractive 52 lasing 52 Flow cytometry 52 reticulocytes 52 confocal fluorescence microscopy 52 fibroblast cells 52 electrons 52 HRTEM 52 phosphor 52 oligomer 52 spectral fingerprint 52 gamma 52 X ray beam 52 cell lysis 52 photoactivated 52 infrared spectroscopy 52 photoelectron spectroscopy 52 molecules adsorbed 52 inhomogeneous 52 unpolarized 52 Fig. 1A 52 chlorophyll molecules 52 silica spheres 52 X ray diffraction pattern 52 nanoworms 52 carcinoembryonic antigen 52 ChR2 52 nm wavelength 52 NMR spectra 52 Qdot 52 fluorescent protein GFP 52 laser spectroscopy 51 cDNA synthesis 51 photonic crystal fibers 51 Fig. 1c 51 exocytosis 51 voxel 51 immunohistochemistry IHC 51 epithelial tissue 51 elemental composition 51 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain 51 SWNTs 51 nanoparticle 51 catalytically active 51 proteins 51 bioluminescence 51 conductance 51 thyroglobulin 51 multiphoton microscopy 51 zeta potential 51 single molecule fluorescence 51 GRP# 51 transcranial 51 colloidal 51 superconducting qubits 51 luminescent 51 quantum coherence 51 cDNA 51 morphogen 51 scanning electron micrograph 51 RQ PCR 51 optically transparent 51 cytokeratin 51 THz 51 InGaN LEDs 51 nanoshells 51 magnetic nanoparticles 51 monolayers 51 pigment granules 51 bandgap 51 conjugated polymer 51 CHO cells 51 cultured cells 51 genomic loci 51 bioluminescent 51 immunoblotting 51 photoemission 51 5' triphosphate 51 nanowire 51 neutron radiation 51 photochemistry 51 spherical particle 51 transmission electron microscope 51 indium gallium nitride 51 ARPES 51 lucidum 51 keratinocytes 51 cell organelles 51 scanning tunneling microscopy STM 51 uracil 51 substrate 51 infrared radiation 51 IR wavelengths 51 Fig. 2B 51 dsRNA 51 cadmium sulfide 51 heterogeneous catalysts 51 solubilize 51 IR LEDs 51 microelectrode array 51 scanning electron microscope SEM 51 X ray beams 51 wavelength UV 51 circularly polarized 51 tetramer 51 6S RNA 51 nanopatterned 51 photomultiplier 51 karyotyping 51 magnetic nanoparticle 51 photon excitation 51 X ray emission 51 homodimer 51 homologous recombination 51 paraffin embedded tissue 51 dopants 51 Ca2 + 51 proteomic analysis 51 chromogenic 51 JAK STAT 51 nanospheres 51 hyperpolarized xenon 51 intracellular pH 51 cytometer 51 membrane protein 51 immunomagnetic 51 colocalization 51 rhodamine 51 flow cytometric 51 titania nanotubes 51 Fig. 1E 51 photonic crystals 51 resonance frequency 51 millimeter wavelengths 51 graphene membranes 51 RT qPCR 51 cytosolic 51 indium gallium arsenide InGaAs 51 RPE cells 51 ultraviolet lasers 51 Spectroscopic 51 nanostructure 51 channelrhodopsin 51 photoconversion 51 MTT assay 51 nematic 51 protein adsorption 51 polypeptides 51 immunohistochemical staining 51 bilayer 51 μm 51 oligos 51 refracts light 51 peptides 51 qubit 51 qRT PCR 51 emission spectroscopy 51 cysteines 51 hyperpolarization 51 transferrin receptor 51 cAMP 51 optical microscopes 51 X ray wavelengths 51 aequorin 51 BrdU 51 hydrophobicity 51 nanosensor 51 horseradish peroxidase 51 F actin 51 PIN diode 51 beam splitter 51 Fig. 1d 51 ERK1 2 51 nanoribbon 51 infrared LEDs 51 powder diffraction 51 anionic 51 picoseconds 51 IgG 51 diffracting 51 LC-MS/MS 51 oligonucleotide microarray 51 numerical aperture 51 microgel 51 Photosystem II 51 functionalized 51 Bragg grating 51 X ray crystallographic 51 chlorophyll 51 scanning tunneling microscopy 51 HTRF ® 51 diffusive 51 agarose 51 ratiometric 51 nanoparticles 51 MWIR 51 transmittance 51 near infrared spectroscopy 51 infrared wavelengths 51 UV induced 51 nucleotide 51 HYPER CEST 51 fluorescent microscope 51 thermochromic 51 spherical aberration 51 waveguides 51 X ray diffraction microscopy 51 emit photons 51 chemiluminescent 51 photoionization 51 melanin synthesis 51 nanoshell 51 Raman spectrometer 51 punctate 51 glycan 51 Fig. 3A 51 photosensor 51 nonthermal 51 adsorbed 51 microdissected 51 green alga 51 microscopy technique 51 m z 51 scanning electron microscopes 51 photon beams 51 luminosity 51 reaction RT PCR 51 monomeric 51 frequency electromagnetic waves 51 retinal ganglion cells 51 eumelanin 51 nanomolar 51 magnetisation 51 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 51 fig. S2 51 monolayer 51 immunohistochemical analysis 51 spectral bands 51 triphosphate 51 light emitting 51 Ultra violet 51 electronic excitations 51 ganglion cell 51 nuclide 51 positron emitting 51 agarose gel 51 tyrosinase 51 stilbene 51 multiwavelength 51 optical tweezers 51 Gram stain 51 biochemical assays 51 agarose gel electrophoresis 51 immunoreactive 51 Fluorescein 51 chlorophylls 51 NF kappaB activation 51 Fourier transform 50 MALDI TOF 50 microlenses 50 transduce 50 mass spectrometry 50 diffuse reflectance 50 membrane proteins 50 histidine 50 shortwave infrared 50 lensless imaging 50 spectral fingerprints 50 collagen crosslinking 50 nucleolar 50 dextran 50 UV absorbance 50 electroretinography 50 reproducibly 50 ultracold atoms 50 conformational changes 50 beam splitters 50 ChIP chip 50 energy dispersive x 50 chromatographic 50 Coulomb blockade 50 phosphoprotein 50 shRNAs 50 nanobubbles 50 microspheres 50 spectrographs 50 energy dispersive X 50 hematopoietic cells 50 diffraction gratings 50 wavefront 50 motile 50 activatable 50 colloidal particles 50 TUNEL 50 gene expression 50 assay ELISA 50 pulsed laser beam 50 heterostructures 50 micelles 50 HtrA2 50 polaritons 50 lumen 50 plasma mass spectrometry 50 transfected 50 photostable 50 conductivity 50 enzymatic activity 50 spectrometric 50 enzyme luciferase 50 choroid 50 synthetic aperture 50 optical coherence tomography OCT 50 zinc selenide 50 tomography 50 diffusivity 50 Ku# 50 FGFR3 50 vivo imaging 50 entangled photons 50 radiative recombination 50 Deheyn 50 mesenchymal cells 50 DRG neurons 50 Nd YAG 50 diode LED 50 ultrasonic waves 50 recombinant protein expression 50 emissive 50 terahertz imaging 50 absorption coefficient 50 Ultra Violet UV 50 timebase 50 halide 50 histone modifications 50 detector 50 retinal ischemia 50 singlet oxygen 50 SensoLyte ® 50 cellularity 50 λ 50 μg ml 50 cytometry 50 MSn 50 Confocal 50 UV germicidal 50 avalanche photodiode 50 fluorescent pigments 50 cuvette 50 formate 50 microplate reader 50 T1 weighted 50 B7 H3 50 Magnetic resonance 50 Cathepsin B 50 TGF ß 50 myofibroblasts 50 metabolite concentrations 50 mRNA expression 50 neuroblastoma cells 50 coexpression 50 adsorption 50 immunohistochemical 50 inorganic LEDs 50 alpha crystallin 50 chalcogenide glass 50 multiplex polymerase chain 50 lightwaves 50 electron tunneling 50 macromolecules 50 #S rDNA 50 nanodot 50 HiLyte 50 translationally 50 wIRA 50 Rydberg atom 50 photocatalytic 50 wavelength tunability 50 lipid vesicles 50 perturbation theory 50 tumor cells 50 quantum dots QDs 50 spatially resolved 50 mutant proteins 50 Cyclin E 50 biodistribution 50 spectrometer 50 ChIP Seq 50 Figure 1A 50 NADH 50 magnetic particles 50 Wnts 50 infrared IR 50 melanocyte 50 femtosecond lasers 50 UV Vis 50 surface plasmon resonance SPR 50 AlGaAs 50 biological molecules 50 electron micrograph 50 ZnO nanowires 50 mass spectrometer 50 CCD detector 50 heterodyne 50 phosphonate 50 WS CRDS 50 iterative reconstruction 50 microscopic beads 50 WT1 50 solitons 50 LWIR 50 cyan 50 beta subunit 50 ultrafast lasers 50 Immunohistochemical analysis 50 ultracold molecules 50 polyaniline 50 synchrotron radiation 50 aspheric lens 50 excimer lasers 50 Doppler imaging 50 monodisperse 50 silicon nanowire 50 X ray absorption spectroscopy 50 lapse microscopy 50 protein GFP 50 laser capture microdissection 50 methylation 50 macromolecule 50 ultraviolet 50 semiconductor quantum dots 50 cytochrome c 50 photochemical reactions 50 ZnS 50 ultrashort pulses 50 UV 50 bisulfite sequencing 50 μm diameter 50 alpha hemolysin 50 melanin pigment 50 SQUIDs 50 emissivity 50 endonucleases 50 P cadherin 50 p# NTR 50 DGGE 50 infra red radiation 50 cuvettes 50 microscale 50 boron nitride 50 gamma oscillations 50 SYBR Green 50 skin fibroblasts 50 photon detector 50 ultrasonic vibrations 50 #nm #nm [002] 50 eclipsing binary 50 derivatized 50 diffusion tensor 50 qPCR 50 polynucleotides 50 astrocytic 50 muon 50 leukocyte 50 nonlinearities 50 NIR spectroscopy 50 emit photon 50 H2AX 50 RT PCR assay 50 photometry 50 planar 50 pericytes 50 #m Tc 50 GLUT4 50 RNA sequences 50 eosin 50 Photodynamic therapy 50 MeV 50 splenocytes 50 MAP kinase 50 viral RNA 50 Dicer enzyme 50 β galactosidase 50 bosonic 50 bDNA 50 electron beams 50 fluorescein angiography 50 polarization multiplexed 50 ionised gas 50 molecular 50 RNA molecules 50 pulsed laser 50 microbubbles 50 VCSELs 50 SD OCT 50 Erbium 50 cationic 50 #F FDG 50 linear polarization 50 fluorescent staining 50 glomerulus 50 optically pumped 50 synaptic vesicles 50 optical tomography 50 Jhdm2a 50 nucleated cells 50 Magnetic nanoparticles 50 dielectric permittivity 50 microfluidic chip 50 linearized 50 laser ablation 50 STAT1 50 quantitative PCR qPCR 50 Extracellular 50 5 hmC 50 attosecond pulses 50 nanodevice 50 LED illumination 50 helium ion 50 nanometer wavelength 50 nano particle 50 micropores 50 PKC delta 50 rod photoreceptors