lensing infalling halo axion quark preons nebulae MACHO neutrino quasars neutrinos NFW astrophysical supernovae WIMP antimatter TeVeS baryons neutralinos supernova objects preon gravitational reionization planetesimals nebula nucleosynthesis dwarf gravitino substellar galaxy quarks baryogenesis redshift mass boson stellar MOND VIRGOHI21