Related by context. All words. (Click for frequent words.) 43 ThreatsWatch 42 Investigative Project 42 Bruguière 41 Counterterrorism Blog 40 Reuven Paz 40 NCTb 40 Yossef Bodansky 40 Abdulmatallab 39 Mardigu Prasantyo 39 Annual Threat Assessment 39 Diaa Rashwan Cairo 39 F. Kohlmann 39 MIPT 39 Ms Manningham Buller 38 Roland Jacquard 38 Bruce Reidel 38 Joshua Foust 38 counterterrorism 38 Kerchove 38 Donna Bucella 38 Al Qadea 38 bin Qais 38 counter terrorism 38 Walid Phares 38 Guido Steinberg 37 Evan Kohlman 37 Gürak 37 Pazner 37 Ganor 37 Ennahar 37 JTF GTMO 37 AJCommittee 37 Maqdisi 37 CIA Counterterrorist Center 37 Bartov 37 NEFA Foundation 37 Daniel Pipes 37 Bucella 37 FPRI 37 Lavon Affair 37 Droukdal 37 Hassan Hattab 37 D' Amuro 37 Hafiz Mohammad Saeed 37 Mamdouh Mahmud Salim 37 Muhammad Atef 37 Katulis 36 Eli Mizrahi 36 Arditi 36 Droudkel 36 antiterrorism 36 Brumlik 36 IDF Spokesperson Office 36 Yigal Carmon 36 Brian Katulis 36 Scheuer 36 Abu Usman 36 Thomas Joscelyn 36 Fingar 36 Ted Gistaro 36 Murawiec 36 Dakwar 36 Haski 36 Gen McKiernan 36 Countering Terrorism 36 Sageman 36 elite Sayeret Matkal 36 D. Zelikow 36 Tomuschat 36 Farhana Ali 36 Tirkel 36 Chaliand 36 KIMMITT Well 36 Djerejian 36 Matti Steinberg 36 Kahane Chai 36 Liteky 36 Mamoun Darkazanli 36 redoubled vigor 36 Anis Rahmani 35 Harakat ul Mujahideen 35 Dan Shomron 35 Noman Benotman Libyan 35 radical Islamic fundamentalists 35 JCPA 35 Maglad 35 Eqbal Ahmad 35 Wooditch 35 Garaudy 35 Nanna Professional Geologist 35 Kuperwasser 35 Kfir Brigade 35 M. Arkin 35 terrorist Kamel Bourgass 35 Khalid Shaikh Mohammad 35 Sayyed Imam 35 Combating Terrorism 35 bin al Shibh 35 Abdelouadoud 35 Centre JTAC 35 Gabriel Weimann 35 Dick Leurdijk 35 A. Cambone 35 jihadist 35 Dr. Walid Phares 35 Bruguiere 35 Krepon 35 Niemoller 35 Galtung 35 Gartenstein Ross 35 LeT Lashkar e 35 Jürgen Elsässer 35 Naureckas 35 Hadera bombing 35 Martin Rudner 35 André Harari 35 GICM 35 Lawfare 35 Rand Beers 35 Abu Yahya Majadin 35 antiterrorist 35 Karazi 35 Vidino 35 Andrew Bostom 35 Heuze 35 Kassam Brigades 35 scathing denunciation 35 Lorenzo Vidino 35 Sheikh Yusuf Qaradawi 35 globalterroralert.com 35 Jean Pierre Filiu 35 Peter Harling 35 Kepel 35 Lasensky 35 Al Ekhlaas 35 Majaida 35 Mayr Harting 35 Mandelblit 35 Charkaoui 35 terrrorist 35 Benmoussa 35 Ariel Merari 35 Yehudit Barsky 35 Hülsmann 35 Ziercke 35 Moniquet 35 Ms. Zoi 35 Tsahal 35 JINSA 35 terror 35 von Boeselager 35 Arif Alikhan 35 Sheikh Abdullah Azzam 35 Kahane 35 Myard 35 Weisburd 34 Imtiaz Gul 34 National Intelligence Estimate 34 Jihadi Salafi 34 Christine Wormuth 34 Yoni Fighel 34 Maj Hasan 34 Eisenkot 34 Steinlight 34 A. Kupchan 34 Shihri 34 Daniel Byman 34 Gucela 34 Olivier Guitta 34 Dr Gunaratna 34 L. Byman 34 al Fadhli 34 Kenneth Bandler 34 Al Majalla magazine 34 Madhun 34 Daniela Schwarzer 34 Guiora 34 Task Force Comet 34 R. Kensinger 34 Lashkar e Toiba LET 34 expert Boaz Ganor 34 Rifaat Hussain 34 von Sponeck 34 al Aksa Martyrs 34 Uhrlau 34 de Maizière 34 d' Harcourt 34 Col Wilford 34 Gen. Başbuğ 34 Gen Pasha 34 Lashkar e Tayyeba LeT 34 Prof. Ruth Gavison 34 SecurityFocus 34 Qassam brigades 34 V. Hayden 34 Bernard Finel senior 34 Mantovano 34 Wahhaj 34 Malou Innocent 34 Thür 34 Usama Bin Ladin 34 al Adli 34 al Muqrin 34 filmmaker Claude Lanzmann 34 de Mistura 34 Cannistraro 34 Elliott Antman MD 34 Al qaeda 34 al Khatani 34 Edwin Bakker 34 Sheikh Sharubutu 34 judge Eliahu Winograd 34 Densus 34 Feith 34 Philip Zelikow 34 Boaz Ganor 34 Yahiaoui 34 Nixon Vietnamization 34 Yacef 34 Fackenheim 34 preoperational surveillance 34 HSPI 34 counterintelligence 34 Ghsain 34 Bill Roggio 34 François Heisbourg 34 Muzicant 34 Yoran 34 Brookings Institutions 34 exfiltrating 34 Dresdner KW 34 terrorism 34 Tertrais 34 Bernard Gwertzman 34 Laurent Murawiec 34 Phyllis Bennis 34 Ajay Sahni 34 Louis Caprioli former 34 Mohamedou 34 Ze'ev Schiff 34 Shlomo Aharonishky 34 IDF Spokesperson Unit 34 KinderUSA 34 Isser Harel 34 Batawi 34 Mowatt Larssen 34 Gansel 34 S. Wistrich 34 Marc Garlasco 34 Gerges 34 Rusdan 34 Fromkin 34 Van Heyst 34 Islamicist 34 terrorist 34 Judith Sluiter 34 Jawa Report 34 Mischel Kwon 34 Andrew Liepman 34 Unrestricted Warfare 34 Salah Samouni 34 Palestine ATFP 34 Operation Gladio 34 Angue 34 Emanuele Ottolenghi 34 GIGN 34 jihadi 34 Kiblawi 34 DiRita 34 Dokka Umarov 34 Al Gama'a Al 34 advisor Brent Scowcroft 34 David Makovsky 34 Rolf Tophoven 34 al Ekhlaas 34 Diker 33 Dame Eliza 33 CTC Sentinel 33 Werwolf 33 Combating Terrorism Center 33 Terrorism IPT 33 F.B.I. 33 Zelikow 33 Suskind writes 33 Carafano 33 Ibish 33 Sharvit Baruch 33 Marc Thiessen 33 Boeselager 33 Al Hawaly 33 Buchris 33 NIOD 33 expert Zachary Abuza 33 MeK 33 Issaias 33 Brigadier General Pranowo 33 Livneh 33 Fernandez Taranco 33 Zakir ur Rehman Lakhvi 33 Maj. Gen. Giora Eiland 33 Asbahi 33 Leutheusser Schnarrenberger 33 AfricaFocus Bulletin 33 al Husainy 33 M. Addeo 33 Abdelfattah Amor 33 WINEP 33 Shachtman 33 Robert Satloff 33 Brigadier General Erv Lessel 33 paramilitary gendarmerie 33 cyberterror 33 Stephen Tankel 33 Boorda 33 Counterterrorist Center 33 N. Venzke 33 Mynster 33 Abu Mousab al Zarqawi 33 Aqap 33 Nosair 33 BfV 33 Mamoun Fandy 33 Ken Gude 33 MK Zahalka 33 Mansager 33 Dzakovic 33 Guéhenno 33 Surya Dharma 33 Symantec DeepSight 33 watchlisting 33 Alain Juillet 33 NCHR 33 Abd al Khaliq 33 Gerhard Cromme 33 CAIR Nihad Awad 33 Silberman Robb Commission 33 Salafia Jihadia 33 Amidror 33 Robb Silberman commission 33 Al Qa'idah 33 Jay Lifton 33 PKK KONGRA GEL 33 Abu Muqawama 33 explosives bin Attash 33 Research Organization USAK 33 Brog 33 plotter Mounir el Motassadeq 33 DEBKAfile counter 33 Verisign iDefense 33 Saddam Hussein Ba'athist regime 33 Fawaz Gerges 33 Georg Mascolo 33 Temple Raston 33 Daqduq 33 Studies PIPS 33 Gen Petraeus 33 Counter terrorism 33 spokesman Ismail Rudwan 33 Rabbi Lerner 33 Point Combating Terrorism 33 #/#-type [001] 33 Kotzin 33 PKK Kongra Gel 33 Neve Shalom Synagogue 33 AIVD 33 Eliyahu Winograd 33 Dakhlallah 33 Thomas Mayr Harting 33 Charbo 33 Doucot 33 Pluchinsky 33 Dasquie 33 Gurmeet Kanwal 33 Shaykh Ahmad 33 al Quaeda 33 FrontPageMagazine.com 33 Southcom commander 33 Naim Qassem 33 Satloff 33 Turkel Commission 33 Timimi 33 Pechenard 33 Osiraq reactor 33 Rolince 33 Kamal Saleem 33 Doron Almog 33 Westergaard cartoon 33 Nematt 33 GIMF 33 Michael Krepon 33 professor Walter Manoschek 33 Fernando Reinares 33 Barrister Tramboo 33 Gilles Kepel 33 Sabeg 33 expert Magnus Ranstorp 33 Qrei 33 Hertog 33 Haushofer 33 ASALA 33 DHS cybersecurity 33 Aaron Weisburd 33 Transparent Cabal 33 Al Masri Brigades 33 al Qida 33 Andrew Exum 33 Baruch Spiegel 33 R. Kappes 33 Avraham Shalom 33 Brigadier General Kimmitt 33 Shin Bet Yuval Diskin 33 Lt Gen Karl Eikenberry 33 Hizb ul Mujahadeen 33 Mona Yacoubian 33 Garry Hindle 33 alQaeda 33 al Rantissi 33 Ramjanmabhoomi complex 33 Wolfgang Benz 33 Gen. Petreaus 33 Ben Wittes 33 counterterror 33 di Florio 33 Gistaro 33 Ibn Warraq 33 Attrition.org 33 Edward N. Luttwak 33 Haidallah 33 IntelCentre 33 Islamist 33 expert Evan Kohlmann 33 Bernard Squarcini 33 Agranat Commission 33 Mara Rudman 33 Telhami 33 Salafist 33 Hafiz Muhammad Saeed 33 Baziyani 33 General Doron Almog 33 Revolutionmuslim.com 33 Counterterrorism Center 33 Anastasijevic 33 Nur Azlin 33 HRITC 33 Brigadier Cheema 33 Awfi 33 Kardaş 33 Lookstein 33 Achraf 33 risk consultancy Stratfor 33 Katherine Tiedemann 33 Stefan Aust 33 Fottorino 33 Ben Veniste 33 Radsan 33 HuM 33 terrorist grouplet 32 Antony Lerman 32 Hizb'Allah 32 Askeri 32 Yoffie 32 Warraq 32 weekly Pontiki newspaper 32 CSIS 32 Andrew Apostolou 32 Suzanne Nossel 32 Chossudovsky 32 Ajmal Kasav 32 pilot Ziad Jarrah 32 Kayyem 32 Prentice Sao 32 Ziliani 32 Hussein Agha 32 Jihadist websites 32 Jean Louis Bruguiere 32 OWASP Top Ten 32 Bouzoubaa 32 Bunglawala 32 Schueftan 32 Motassadek 32 CIHRS 32 Guehenno 32 Shamgar Commission 32 National Counterterrorism 32 Tirawi 32 Haykel 32 Khankan 32 Karski 32 Aboulmagd 32 Gérin 32 Ladsous 32 Ashley Tellis 32 Abu Abeer 32 Brookings Institute 32 M. Taguba 32 Cilluffo 32 Slackman 32 Qassam Brigades Hamas 32 detainee interrogation 32 Grare 32 Michael Scheuer 32 Asher Susser 32 Ely Karmon 32 Wahishi 32 Ambassador Eikenberry 32 Daveed Gartenstein Ross 32 Pieczenik 32 Frontpagemag.com 32 counter insurgency 32 warrantless electronic 32 EITs 32 fidayeen 32 nCircle Network 32 Gulbadin Hikmatyar 32 Zeevi Farkash 32 Christopher Preble 32 Judge Eliyahu Winograd 32 Reyes Montblanc 32 Avner Cohen 32 Webster Tarpley 32 MK Otniel Schneller Kadima 32 Makadmeh 32 Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center 32 Baqir al Sa'idi 32 Muhammad Atta 32 Shumukh al Islam 32 Zaki ur Rehman 32 Zawahari 32 antiwar.com 32 Reuel Gerecht 32 Ze'evi Farkash 32 Yonah Alexander 32 ICHR 32 Golove 32 Kosovar Albanian population 32 Konaré 32 Houssaini 32 Al Chaidar 32 Libi 32 Goksel 32 al Qa'ida operative 32 Shamni 32 Jawdeh 32 Jami Miscik 32 Al Gama'a 32 Mojtahedzadeh 32 Yossi Melman 32 Halevi 32 Ruebner 32 Gilles de Kerchove 32 Gliemeroth 32 Haetzni 32 Schwalier 32 Nachshon 32 Zarkawi 32 Deborah Schurman Kauflin 32 DHKP C 32 Peace USIP 32 NZSAS 32 Muhammad Akram Awan 32 EastWest Institute 32 Yeffet 32 CLASSIFIED S 32 Gama'a 32 Bin Ladin 32 Zionist 32 Ted Cantle 32 Gillo Pontecorvo 32 Abu Shilbaya 32 Aftergood 32 Boubakeur 32 ambassador Gunter Pleuger 32 terorrism 32 Judge Laurence Silberman 32 Confessing Church 32 Justice Johann Kriegler 32 Unmovic 32 Ben Mordechai 32 al Ablaj 32 Nazi Waffen SS 32 Georges Arsenault 32 globalsecurity.org 32 NSA wiretapping 32 Mohd Ali Jinnah 32 FIDH 32 Giora Eiland 32 al Hesbah 32 Security Affairs JINSA 32 NSA spying 32 Rescorla 32 Fighel 32 Jazairi 32 Barratt Atheros CEO 32 Brisard 32 Press Release SC/# 32 Qotob 32 Swidler 32 Politkovsky 32 Slier 32 Jehadi 32 Caroline Glick 32 ad Dulaymi 32 Antonio Yanez Barnuevo 32 Shehade 32 Military Force AUMF 32 CDD Ghana 32 Midhar 32 Basardah 32 Zegart 32 LA REFERENCE PLUS 32 Kargil intrusion 32 Rubaei 32 Maqdah 32 Renseignements Généraux 32 Reut Institute 32 Bedein 32 intelligence 32 Rabbi Druckman 32 Gijs de Vries 32 Umar Mujahideen 32 al Kadi 32 Michele Dunne 32 Khalden camp 32 al Faloja 32 Qumsiyeh 32 Yaakov Peri 32 IJU 32 Bright Fishbein 32 philosopher Jurgen Habermas 32 Liscouski 32 Gaza Disengagement 32 Ben Yishai 32 Lashkar e Tayiba Images 32 Shin Bet 32 Dia Rashwan 32 AB Buzzy Krongard 32 Patraeus 32 Laskhar e Toiba LeT 32 Al Qa'eda 32 Fateful Triangle 32 Lady Manningham Buller 32 Omer Lavoie 32 al Siddiq 32 Samir Ragab 32 Mazen Asbahi 32 MI5 Dame 32 Norm Hazzard 32 A. Falkenrath 32 Islamabads 32 polisario 32 Aylwin Foster 32 Cirincione 32 Wolfsthal 32 Steve Coll 32 Anneli Botha 32 Batalik sector 32 L. Helgerson 32 Squarcini 32 Alshabab 32 Jamat ud Dawah 32 Khalid Shaykh Muhammad 32 command Ayman Zawahiri 32 MK Bishara 32 Adlene Hicheur 32 Gomwalk 32 Heinz Fromm 32 Siboni 32 Von Boeselager 32 al Aksa 32 Sayeret 32 Prof. Wijesinha 32 Da'awa Party 32 banned Lashker e 32 JIC assessments 32 Pietton 32 Services Institute RUSI 32 Sammy Ghozlan 32 Jahjah 32 Larry Hugick 32 Abu Ubaida spokesman 32 de Kerchove 32 Al Aqsa intifada 32 Vanderboegh 32 Hafiz Mohammad Sayeed 32 Abu Mus'ab al Zarqawi 32 Meir Indor 32 Moerdler 32 Abdulmuttalab 32 Mohammed Yahya Mujahid 32 Abu Musaab 32 August Hanning 32 Sheikh Khalil 32 P. Westermann 32 Napoleoni 32 Ather Abbas 32 propagandist Joseph Goebbels 32 Gorelick memo 32 Palestine Liberation Organisation PLO 32 Unilog 32 Albert Wohlstetter 32 counterinsurgency COIN 32 Al Islamiyah 32 Anton Bachrul Alam 32 Sebban 32 Yadlin 32 BDR DG 32 Hassan Gafoor 32 Al Rodhan 32 Gilbert Achcar 32 Shazad Tanweer 32 Edelman undersecretary 32 Mahoul 32 al Qadea 32 thewar 32 Denis MacEoin 32 Karin von Hippel 32 Tarsy 32 Amnesty Donatella Rovera 32 Nihad Awad CAIR 32 Jamiatul Mujahideen 32 el Kebir 32 Barkah 32 El Aroud 32 de Borchgrave 32 Kach movement 32 Stratfor.com 32 Fatah Tanzim 32 Lal Mosque 32 Hegghammer 31 Azhari Husin 31 Hizballah 31 Warrantless wiretapping 31 Thierry Meyssan 31 Al Hawali 31 Lovelin 31 Al Oudah 31 Islamic Magreb 31 Abdel Aziz Rantissi 31 Saeed al Masri 31 Fainaru 31 Aziz Rantisi 31 Herstik 31 Hattab 31 Khadad 31 Silawi 31 Jama'at ud Dawa 31 De Maiziere 31 Roger Cressey 31 Amjad Atallah 31 Ben Abdelmajid Fakhet 31 Sikh separatist 31 Ansar al Mujahideen 31 El Tawheed 31 Ameinu 31 Abu Khalil 31 Patrick Timbillah 31 Gregory Treverton 31 Luddin 31 Ralf Georg Reuth 31 Grosclaude 31 Christian Ganczarski 31 Al Hesbah 31 Presidential Airlift 31 Mojahedin Khalq Organization MKO 31 Hossein Zadeh 31 Hosting Anime 31 OLC memos 31 Aziz Huq 31 Hoenlein 31 Jerrold Post 31 Conze 31 Jerbawi 31 Bentegeat 31 Scott Lasensky 31 Bin Qais 31 considerably operationally 31 Benkirane 31 Cofoni 31 Radicalization 31 unfounded fear mongering 31 Mickum 31 Batsh 31 Zubayda 31 hardline Islamist militia 31 Weddady 31 Khalid Sheikh Muhammad 31 Zachariah Anani 31 Abu al Yazid 31 Ledeen 31 H. Yoffie 31 Soobzokov 31 prosecutor Armando Spataro 31 Stadtkewitz 31 Maj. Gen. Abdel Razek 31 Stahel 31 Zumrawi 31 Nnamdi K. Obasi 31 Karlitekin 31 Binalshibh interrogation 31 Tawfiq Tirawi 31 Ul Qadri 31 Lichtblau 31 tradecraft 31 Schneier 31 al Jayousi 31 Dewidar 31 Shuja Pasha 31 blank slate Adlerstein 31 Brett McGurk 31 Paratrooper Brigade 31 Gregg Rickman 31 Tophoven 31 equipment hardened hulls 31 Montaperto 31 Tyler Drumheller 31 counterterrorist 31 Justin Raimondo 31 Eran Lehrman 31 Azzam Publications 31 Ruperez 31 decentralized offshoots 31 analyst K. Subrahmanyam 31 Droukdel 31 Hiroko Hayashi 31 Lashker 31 Shebaab 31 Urs Hölzle 31 Al Qeada 31 Dacoury Tabley 31 YNetNews 31 Lieutenant Colonel Guy Rudisill 31 Kellenberger 31 Haj Amin 31 Mangal Bagh Afridi 31 Rwanda Kagame 31 Da'aja 31 prosecutor Walter Hemberger 31 NEW YORK Solemnly honoring 31 Kricorian 31 Politico Laura Rozen 31 Cohen HOMI 31 Joint Anti Terrorism 31 Al Jama'a 31 Memeti 31 Syed Fahad Hashmi 31 Jonathan Schanzer 31 Rajinder Sachar Committee 31 Elibiary 31 Schipka 31 NSA eavesdropping 31 Reporters Without Borders RWB 31 Harkabi 31 Bourigeaud 31 Fire Conspiracy Cells 31 Polakow Suransky 31 Diaa Rashwan 31 agent Bassem Youssef 31 Rubaish 31 Darif 31 Ed Lasky 31 Homegrown Threat 31 Naccache 31 Ludendorff 31 Lappen 31 Von Sponeck 31 Henry Siegman 31 airplane hijackings 31 e Taiba 31 Chaboud 31 Rwandan Patriotic Front RPF 31 Bruno Tertrais 31 RS Passi 31 Jamat ud 31 Tuzhilin 31 Alain Lefevre 31 Diène 31 Mansoor Ijaz 31 Kasrils 31 Right2Know 31 Abed Rabbo 31 Elmasry 31 Halutz 31 Olenghankoy 31 Karmon 31 Kucukali 31 American Century PNAC 31 Almagor 31 Schweitzer Bluhm 31 Security Studies INSS 31 Baroness Manningham Buller 31 Farrukh Saleem 31 mastermind Khalid 31 Gen McChrystal 31 Mujda 31 al Qaeda 31 al Qaedas 31 Al Qaedas 31 Sedat Laçiner 31 Muravchik 31 Tora Bora Mountains 31 AJCongress 31 Maqdessi 31 A. Jolson JMP 31 Tschiderer 31 Trifkovic 31 Alhazmi 31 Erick Stakelbeck 31 Indyk 31 Laskhar e Toiba 31 Algebris 31 Al Midhar 31 Narseal Batiste testified 31 Stulman 31 Attash 31 Ali Tounsi 31 PNS Mehran 31 Hussein Ibish 31 Europe Abu Dujan 31 Dov Schwartz 31 Laipson 31 Baali 31 Elcano Royal 31 Martin Van Creveld 31 Qassas 31 Wolfgang Harlos spokesman 31 Tabligh 31 Kamal Matinuddin 31 Nile Gardiner 31 Honeypot Project 31 transnational linkages 31 Yoram Schweitzer 31 Sahmat 31 Rontzki 31 Fath Al 31 Syaifudin 31 HBGary Federal 31 Memri 31 al Durra 31 mutinous Magdalo 31 Francesco Gratteri 31 Arafeh 31 Bourada 31 Manny Waks 31 Dennis Lormel 31 IPET 31 Samhadana 31 Panetta 31 Lord Carlile 31 Al Mutawakil 31 William Glaberson 31 K Subrahmanyam 31 Michael Ledeen 31 Shahriar Kabir 31 EveryOne Group 31 Maglan 31 Hafeez Saeed 31 Toaff 31 Manningham Buller 31 Neo nazis 31 radical Islamist 31 Dan Egerstad 31 SCOTT HORTON Well 31 Qasim Toori 31 Maj. Hasan 31 Vaddukoddai Resolution 31 intellectual Noam Chomsky 31 Vladimir Vasilyev 31 Aðca 31 SANS Internet 31 Kohlmann 31 Popolare Italiana 31 Noah Pollak 31 Verton 31 Majaidie 31 Weimann 31 J. Freeh 31 Garsallaoui 31 Tounsi 31 adviser Zalman Shoval 31 Beame lamenting night 31 MP Elias Atallah 31 Shaul Mishal 31 Team FrSIRT 31 USAPATRIOT Act 31 Verfassungsschutz 31 journalist Nir Rosen 31 chancellor Konrad Adenauer 31 Hayudini 31 Kareem Shora 31 Winograd Report 31 Rabbi Yisroel Dovid Weiss 31 Irina Borogan 31 Jihadism 31 Zangara 31 Ilan Pappé 31 Al Qidwa 31 Rodek 31 Leheny 31 enhanced interrogation techniques