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(Click for frequent words.) 67 SPC 1C 62 SPECsfs# 61 SPEC CPU# 61 SPECpower ssj# 59 IEC #-# [001] 58 SPECjbb 58 SPC 2C 58 http:/www.spec.org 57 SiSoftware Sandra 56 Cronbach alpha 55 CPU# [002] 55 SPEC benchmark 55 www.tpc.org 55 ATTO Disk Benchmark 55 SPEC SFS 55 SPECviewperf 55 Fluke #A 55 NXTera 54 SPECjAppServer 54 SPECpower ssj 54 JESD# [002] 54 www.spec.org 54 HIT Kit 54 comScore Widget Metrix 54 TekExpress 54 SPECmail# 54 Model #A 54 LINPACK 53 rugged CompactPCI 53 BS #-#:# 53 Telelogic DOORS 53 ANSI SQL 53 EAL2 53 SiSoftware 53 Automation Protocol SCAP 53 SPEC CPU 53 interrater 53 SPECjAppServer# 53 STAC M2 52 ad hoc querying 52 PRODML 52 EnSight Lite 52 SPECint rate# 52 ISO #-#:# 52 PUE metric 52 ITTIA DB SQL 52 Pearson correlation coefficient 52 MIL HDBK #F 52 SpyGlass ® 52 ISO# 6B 52 #.#ap 52 ASTM D# [001] 52 SPECjbb# benchmark 52 SANmaestro 52 ASG becubic 52 BAPCo 51 QAD #.# 51 SPECweb# 51 NovaMARS 51 Agilent #A [001] 51 vConsolidate 51 Fossey Zone 51 Flow cytometry 51 SOAPSonar 51 SPECfp 51 TetraMAX ATPG 51 ASHRAE Standard 51 Datamaker 51 Ampla V#.# 51 Repeatability 51 DSI# VTL 51 integer arithmetic 51 ARM NEON 51 SPECweb 51 UniSim Design 51 Atrato V# 51 Kaminario K2 51 STEP AP# 51 QSFP connector 51 OpenCL ™ 51 B2MML 51 CATIA V#R# 51 ordinary Kriging 51 Synopsys PrimeTime 51 ISA S# 51 SPECint * 51 PerformanceTest 50 DCiE 50 LGS 3D 50 PCI Express specification 50 APx 50 intraclass correlation coefficient 50 IBIS AMI 50 ASTM C# [002] 50 Sensitivity analyzes 50 Qseven 50 TCO ROI 50 Gurobi Optimizer 50 WME ranking 50 SiliconSmart ACE 50 OptimoDE 50 ISE #.#i 50 AXIe 50 SPECjAppServer# benchmark 50 http:/www.tpc.org 50 Watchfire AppScan 50 Pathlight VX 50 NetApp Snapshot technology 50 Test Methodology 50 #.#ag 50 DDR3 RDIMM 50 QuickCap 50 SystemC TLM 50 AMC.0 50 VistaDB 50 Helius MCT 50 Performance Standards GIPS 50 #.#-# [031] 50 MarketMetrics 50 LabView graphical 50 Knovel Math 50 SPEC MPI# 50 IEEE Std 50 integer throughput 50 ASSET ScanWorks 50 ACCELLERANT 50 Apdex 50 Green Grid PUE 50 Agilent E#B 50 E#B 50 Operational Sustainability 50 ANSI C#.# 50 Language SPML 50 OGC OpenGIS 50 Online Transaction Processing 49 HYDRAstor HS8 49 iSER 49 Agilent U#A 49 UHAPI 49 SATA Revision #.# 49 Intalio BPMS 49 variograms 49 intraclass correlation coefficients 49 GRI G3 49 IxChariot 49 Measurement Uncertainty 49 SPECint 49 SPECpower ssj# benchmark 49 electromagnetic flowmeter 49 Optimised Feasibility Study 49 Monte Carlo Simulation 49 LogicLibrary Logidex 49 JESD#A 49 dynaSight 49 HyperLynx 49 IETF RFC 49 8bit MCU 49 DirectFLOW 49 SPECpower 49 SPICE simulation 49 FreeDimension 49 Finite Element Method 49 EPS#V 49 NIST SCAP 49 ARM Profiler 49 AVR microcontroller 49 CopyCatX 49 NPV IRR 49 hole GTD 49 AEO# reference case 49 CMOD 49 BPG pouch machinery 49 curve tracer 49 elastic modulus 49 Corticon BRMS 49 HD Tach 49 SecurVantage 49 Earned Value 49 drillhole database 49 ISO IEC #-#:# 49 Standard #.#-# 49 Pharmacokinetic parameters 49 IEC #-#-# [001] 49 HW SW 49 Database Connectivity 49 Finite element 49 FurMark 49 Loss Severity 49 Personal Consumption Expenditure 49 Java Specification Request 49 IC Compiler #.# 49 & S CMW# 49 #N #N 49 version #.#a 49 Tunable Loop 49 PAS# [003] 49 PCMark 49 SNIA CTP 49 MT#B [001] 49 FAS# [001] 49 LINQ Language Integrated Query 48 MPC#E processor 48 MoReq2 48 EGPS 48 Autosar 48 Coherence Data 48 IEO# 48 IES LM 48 PlantPAx 48 SOPC Builder 48 DJSI STOXX 48 CoreMark 48 xHCI specification 48 Chart Presentation 48 Cadence Virtuoso custom 48 Cardiorespiratory fitness 48 cyanide extraction 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECT 48 Specification PAS 48 OpenMAX AL 48 Link OAM 48 DS CAPI 48 G3 Guidelines 48 Dynamic Logic MarketNorms 48 Process Improvement SCAMPI 48 ProfitCents 48 RadMax ® 48 FloWizard 48 Logistic Regression 48 ioSAN 48 EBOM 48 BERTScope S 48 OLAP ModelKit 48 RealTime Designer 48 RealView Profiler 48 EEMBC benchmarks 48 NI LabView 48 PID controller 48 KXEN Analytic Framework 48 bibliometric 48 CST MWS 48 Actel Fusion 48 IEEE #.#af standard 48 ASTM F# [001] 48 EN ISO 48 Distributive Management 48 viewsets 48 AccelChip DSP Synthesis 48 #DMark# [001] 48 BS #:# 48 BitWackr 48 HanDBase Desktop 48 Diamyd Medical Diamyd 48 finite element modeling 48 Sensitivity Analysis 48 MSI N#GTX Lightning 48 iTechnology Forms Accelerator 48 Framework CSF 48 Configurability 48 IEEE #.#ba 48 Codenomicon DEFENSICS 48 ProviderPoint 48 Actuate Performancesoft Suite 48 Futuremark 3DMark 48 DocuSign Connect 48 Fast Fourier Transform FFT 48 AEO# 48 Automotive SPICE 48 NEC Express#/A# 48 Descriptive statistics 48 ANSI ESD 48 firmware upgradeability 48 NQF endorsed 48 SPECjbb# 48 VR#.# 48 VM Tracer 48 MIPS# architecture 48 SPECint rate base# 48 constraint solver 48 TargetProcess 48 AppFlow 48 Blueprint Requirements Center 48 FINCAD Analytics Suite 48 APQP 48 ISTE NETS 48 UML SysML 48 eDiscovery archiving 48 Control Markup Language 48 code refactoring 48 eTOM 48 Reflow Oven 48 Natural Catastrophe Stress 47 VMmark 47 IEEE#.# [001] 47 Enzyme Leach 47 interobserver 47 Snowfield Zone 47 AXI TM 47 kriged 47 Geekbench 47 RFIC simulation 47 DMAIC 47 Syncsort DMExpress 47 PassMark Software 47 Precision Synthesis 47 ATX#V 47 JUNOS Software 47 W3C XQuery 47 MassLynx 47 RapID Platform 47 Coriolis flowmeter 47 Instrumentation ModelKit 47 tolerancing 47 IEEE#.#af 47 SiSoft Sandra 47 Zoho Reports 47 WAIS III 47 DDR PHY 47 DataExchange 47 ARM#T processor 47 DDR4 memory 47 RFXpress 47 SPECapc 47 Enterprise RTView 47 Roughrider Uranium Deposit 47 TestLab 47 efector 47 OIML 47 EVERPLAY 47 OpenAccess database 47 QLogic FCoE 47 multicore CPU 47 WiMedia MBOA 47 S# #Z 47 IEEE# [001] 47 AWG# 47 Greenhouse Gas GHG 47 PMBOK Guide 47 SKUA 47 JGPSSI 47 EORTC QLQ C# 47 SelfReliant 47 Flowmeters 47 Altera Quartus II 47 Xgig 47 QIP Metric 47 DSA# [002] 47 colorimetric 47 TI C# DSP 47 AS NZS #:# 47 Testbench 47 ARM Cortex R4 47 Finite Element 47 TWO COOL 47 ITU G.#.# 47 Grouped Hockey 47 Measurement Studio 47 Gemcom GEMS 47 Stardraw Control 47 PubMatic AdPrice Index 47 NA Footnotes 47 ActiveDesign 47 Standards GIPS 47 VSIA QIP Metric 47 EAL6 + 47 Numerical Library 47 Armored RNA 47 BPEL specification 47 SOMF 47 SCADE Suite 47 SuperArray 47 IEC EN # 47 Performance Analyzer 47 MultiSpeak 47 Opal SSC 47 TxLED 47 IEEE P#.# 47 BISS Research 47 EEDI 47 benchmarker 47 riskpro ™ 47 TruFluor 47 STLC# 47 OpenSplice 47 AMCC QT# 47 Java PathFinder 47 VTD XML 47 PIPE FLO Professional 47 LightTools 47 ConvergenSC 47 induced polarization geophysics 47 RTCA DO #B 47 Scentric Destiny 47 Score IPSS 47 XPDL 47 PowerPro MG 47 Asset Lifecycle Management 47 Release Explanation 47 Futuremark 3DMark Vantage 47 Algo Risk 47 Actel Libero IDE 47 Inverse Distance Squared 47 geostatistical methods 47 CST MICROWAVE STUDIO 47 ZenTime 47 ambulatory EHR products 47 DvP 47 Performance Benchmarks 47 IOMeter 47 ISO #-# [002] 47 Performance Indicators 47 Confio Igniter Suite 47 report1 46 AMBA Designer 46 AQ# [001] 46 RTView 46 SOAP Message 46 mean ± SEM 46 Instrumentation PXI 46 JBenchmark 46 ANSI X#.# 46 IntelliJ Idea 46 triple quadrupole 46 Mantel Haenszel 46 Kickfire analytic appliance 46 Passmark 46 RTL verification 46 Proved Reserves Increase 46 Fast SPICE 46 MSI R# 46 SystemWeaver 46 Brocade DCF 46 Novarica ACE Ranking 46 OCZ Vertex EX 46 Gartner Hype Cycle 46 Cpk 46 Residual Value 46 IEC #-#-# [003] 46 ARMR 46 ErP 46 Tolerances 46 FlashPAK III 46 Quantile 46 ATX #V 46 Cadence Encounter digital 46 BSIMM 46 #GBASE KR 46 EN ISO #-# 46 tensile modulus 46 Repeatable Battery 46 VXIbus 46 ebXML Messaging 46 kinematic viscosity 46 Conformance Test Suite 46 Summative 46 SigmaSure 46 Fujitsu ETERNUS 46 Machinery Directive #/#/EC 46 PDF/X-3 46 SSD Cache 46 CMMI DEV 46 process flowsheet 46 NI CompactDAQ 46 Application Deployment 46 Dell'Oro Group Quarterly 46 Xbench 46 NASDAQ SCM SEGU 46 MacRuby 46 Multimeter 46 Infor ION 46 SilkPerformer 46 Version #.#a 46 Covario Organic Search 46 CIM Definitions 46 SSS PTS 46 NexusWare Core 46 Xilinx ISE 46 FreeRTOS 46 Maturity Level 5 46 LRIC 46 ADSP BF# 46 Loan Delinquency 46 Ixia IxChariot 46 SA# IHZ [002] 46 Dr. Giles Peatfield 46 CheckPlus 46 datapath synthesis 46 usage effectiveness PUE 46 LogicNet Plus 46 Inverse Distance 46 Clamp Meter 46 GAO# [002] 46 WAN emulation 46 ICIS forecasting 46 Superspeed USB 46 #-#-# [072] 46 level synthesis HLS 46 CapSense Express 46 IEEE #.#az Energy 46 PowerPC #GX 46 Unisys 3D Blueprinting 46 Y.# 46 ISO #-# [001] 46 NorDig Unified 46 Physical Layer PHY 46 MEGA GRC Suite 46 Proficy Process Systems 46 VESA DisplayPort 46 Application Verifier 46 Wireframe 46 Apdex Alliance 46 CTQ 46 Linear Programming 46 Sharpe Ratio 46 Maturity Model 46 ODIN RFID 46 PowerOpt 46 Outcome Measures 46 Contenta DITA 46 ViaCAD 46 Philips UCODE 46 WiMedia MAC 46 JReport 46 NEi Fusion 46 bivariate 46 COMSOL Multiphysics 46 QuickCap NX 46 Voxengo 46 Discovery# 46 SPEC benchmarks 46 thermal coefficient 46 SGP Printer 46 Predefined 46 traceable calibration 46 Business Solutions Axapta 46 PICO Extreme 46 Embedded Microprocessor 46 TIA EIA 46 ISO/IEC# 46 Color Brightness 46 Voltaire FCA 46 CFP MSA 46 Synplify Premier 46 MIL PRF 46 geometric dimensioning 46 EnergyPlus 46 eresource ERP 46 TE Power NODE 46 PCMark Vantage 46 Spreadsheet Compliance 46 Ordinary Kriging 46 WhatsUp Gold NetFlow 46 SmartPlant Instrumentation 46 WK# [001] 46 www.morningstar.ca 46 NIST traceable 46 SLEC RTL 46 Wilcoxon rank sum 46 SF #v# 46 nanoparticle characterization 46 Questa functional 46 JESD# [001] 46 COSO framework 46 chi squared 46 ZigBee RF4CE specification 46 JasperGold 46 Preconfigured 46 ZANTAZ Introspect 45 SoC Designer 45 KALIDO 45 FDCC Scanner 45 EG# [002] 45 Assessment Methodology 45 Mentum Planet 45 PADB 45 Tidal Intersperse 45 MobileMark 45 SEI Capability Maturity Model 45 OPTIMIZE 45 GHG emission reductions 45 glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c 45 LXI instruments 45 BPM Pulse 45 JETNET iQ 45 IP Resistivity 45 Digital Multimeter 45 BDNA Catalog 45 Mercury QuickTest Professional 45 SmartPlant Electrical 45 PulSAR 45 System #xA 45 OpsPlanner 45 SpyGlass Power 45 LandXML 45 PCMark ® 45 stochastic simulation 45 SmartSpice 45 Web Jetadmin 45 Encounter Conformal Constraint Designer 45 SilkCentral Test Manager 45 LINPACK benchmark 45 Reflectivity 45 Pharmacodynamic 45 Gauge Buster 45 Predictive Model 45 GainSeeker 45 REALpac 45 Six Sigma Lean 45 Logo http:/www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/#/Champions Crowned 45 Abrevity 45 sampling oscilloscope 45 www.sanbolic.com 45 Define Measure 45 BDTI 45 Performance Indicator 45 Measurement Tool 45 UPLC MS 45 #.#ba [001] 45 CMMI ® 45 Pentaho BI 45 Klocwork Insight 45 Blackfin Processors 45 ISO IEC #-# [001] 45 Assertion Based Verification 45 NEMA Premium 45 Assigns LS 45 ASTM E# [003] 45 stochastic optimization 45 ZM# [001] 45 Capability Maturity Model CMM 45 Infiniium oscilloscopes 45 Aaeon 45 GoldenGate Veridata 45 eZ# RF# 45 MET CAL 45 Intergraph SmartPlant Enterprise 45 #-# Resource Estimate 45 SDDs 45 WHQL certification 45 PowerINSPECT 45 Emerging Markets EM 45 tpsE 45 SIL2 45 SpencerLab 45 executable specification 45 Six Sigma DMAIC 45 Overall Performance ECperf 45 ARM Cortex M1 45 PLL Noise Analyzer 45 WELD PLANNER 45 automates tracking 45 Report Sharp Shooter 45 Incisive Enterprise 45 Qsys 45 GenericsWeb Pipeline Patent 45 CFR § #.# [002] 45 Emerson PlantWeb digital 45 Eurocodes 45 optically stimulated luminescence OSL 45 TM Forum Frameworx 45 DIN ISO 45 IEC #-# [002] 45 ISO# 6C 45 WTI Crude Oil 45 NetQoS SuperAgent 45 Tensile Strength 45 Surpac 45 multiple linear regression 45 Coremetrics Benchmark 45 Profile SEP 45 ENERGYprism 45 Docea 45 flyback converter 45 ZeBu Server 45 PC Carbook 45 Liquid Fuels Consumption 45 Ford ECOnetic 45 TestKompress 45 Radiometrics 45 partial reconfiguration 45 Frameworx 45 Shari'a principles 45 ecodesign 45 STARCAD CEL 45 NCES #-# 45 Nero Toolkit 45 JEDEC specification 45 CellMath Designer 45 ISA#.#a 45 EU5 emissions 45 FreeRADIUS 45 Data Extraction 45 CPLI 45 AICPA SAS 45 S4i Express 45 Oracle Database #g Release 45 Eurozone Manufacturing PMI 45 Validation Tool 45 Viewperf 45 Morningstar Principia 45 flowrate 45 Technical Specifications 45 ScanWorks platform 45 Cognos PowerPlay 45 Exchanger XML Editor 45 CMMI SVC 45 flexural strength 45 OpenWF 45 Marvell #W# 45 PMBOK 45 image contrib 45 Linpack benchmark 45 ANSI VITA 45 EDEM 45 iGateway 45 ROMeo 45 eVC 45 ADSL2 + tester 45 BusinessObjects XI includes 45 Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 45 Openmake 45 deduplication ratios 45 HPCC benchmark 45 NAIC Suitability 45 MISRA C + 45 norm referenced 45 CPSS IOSCO 45 Magma Talus 45 Confirmatory 45 Express Logic NetX 45 Unscrambler ® 45 Cyclohexane 45 quad core Core i5 45 OxyView TM 45 Costayaco Field 45 DFT MAX 45 Penalty Guidelines 45 SMPTE VC 1 45 scaleability 45 WikiWealth.com s 45 Linpack 45 3DMark Vantage 45 ANSI AAMI 45 BMC Remedy Asset Management 45 SmartPlant Foundation 45 DDR2 memory PCI Express 45 Shareholder Return 45 Ekahau Site Survey 45 SAS# audit 45 Hyperion BI 44 PERC Ultra SMP 44 AMS Instrumentation 44 TCA grading 44 Toxics Release Inventory TRI 44 Agilent Infiniium 44 Performance Attribution 44 HDMI #.#b 44 IEC EN #-#-# 44 DCIM 44 CoCreate Modeling 44 QOE 44 MT#C 44 AMS Instrumentation & 44 JavaEE 44 TrueControl 44 Process Mapping 44 Verification Methodology Manual VMM 44 ANSI UL 44 Ridgetop deposit 44 NWEA MAP 44 Kenexa 2x 44 geophysical geochemical 44 MicroTCA specification 44 Traktor DJ Studio 44 Interrater reliability 44 SCAMPI 44 Huarabagoo 44 GeomCaliper 44 Virtuoso Multi 44 CENTUM VP 44 DIN EN ISO #:# 44 IFRS changeover 44 X3 #.#si 44 enthalpy 44 Yoggie Pico Personal 44 Jinfonet 44 Standard FIPS 44 ASHRAE #.#-# 44 ANSI HI 44 CIM Mineral Resource 44 UPDRS Part III 44 Kriging 44 Verilog RTL 44 OEKO TEX 44 Flashstream 44 ANSI ISO 44 VxWorks MILS Platform 44 TPC H 44 WirelessHD specification 44 PRISM GT 44 PremierWest Bancorp Announces 44 Vehicle Dependability 44 Common Criteria evaluations 44 equivalence checker 44 RSA BSAFE Share 44 Calibre xACT 3D 44 Symbility Claims Connect 44 SANS Top 44 StillSecure VAM 44 TrakSYS 44 Pramati Server 44 Sysgo 44 geophysical interpretations 44 CableLabs DOCSIS 44 ActivePivot 44 Simpli Software 44 ASTM E# [002] 44 BS EN ISO 44 polygonal method 44 NI VeriStand 44 SPICE simulator 44 Equivio Relevance 44 SignalMeister 44 HP WebInspect 44 IEC EN 44 HellaPHY 44 Methodology Kit 44 InfoWorks 44 WindowTester 44 PDF/X-1a 44 DIN EN # 44 EN ISO # 44 PMBOK ® Guide 44 Standard CMMI Appraisal 44 MBRAI 44 ASTM specifications 44 Malvern Zetasizer Nano 44 SYSmark 44 Freescale ZigBee 44 Management Architecture UIMA 44 ASTM WK# 44 OptimalJ 44 ROI TCO 44 #.#ac 44 LXI Standard 44 PowerFLOW 44 embeddedMIND 44 RStat 44 Ouro Verde deposit 44 TruBio TM 44 FleetView 44 DFARS 44 XVL ® 44 EFQM Excellence Model 44 ElectricCommander 44 SignalExpress 44 Russound RNET 44 FrontRange Discovery 44 AES algorithm 44 aerially extensive 44 EEMBC 44 ARChitect 44 PHP IDE 44 capacitance values 44 Ocular Surface Disease 44 VE Gaia 44 OSCI SystemC 44 Borland CaliberRM 44 TIBCO BusinessWorks 44 SmartPlant Enterprise solutions 44 EN #-# [002] 44 hash algorithm 44 LDRA Testbed 44 JEDEC specifications 44 Requirements Definition 44 U#A Series 44 IEEE #.#n Wi Fi 44 Cenzic Hailstorm 44 parameter estimation 44 bioinformatic tools 44 EN #-# [001] 44 Achieve Optimal 44 Digital Fuel ServiceFlow 44 Gigabit NICs 44 J BERT 44 Timesys LinuxLink 44 #-/#-bit 44 IUR 44 MTOSI 44 Brucejack Area 44 REIDIN.com 44 Evaluative 44 filesize 44 using Inverse Distance 44 Atrenta SpyGlass 44 LUXEON S 44 benchmarking 44 HOMA IR 44 PICO Express 44 JEDEC Level 44 IAR KickStart Kit 44 Nigel Pendse author 44 nonparametric 44 Calibre nmDRC 44 Western Porphyry Zone 44 Proficy Change 44 soundBlade 44 RiskCalc 44 EcoFlex 44 ASTM D# [002] 44 OEE Overall Equipment Effectiveness 44 TTCN 3 44 FPGA prototyping 44 MTS# 44 ITU T G.# 44 ISOGEN 44 Assigns Outlooks LS 44 Optixia 44 #CFR# 44 Distributed Computing Toolbox 44 Resource Calculation 44 Nastran 44 ANSI T#.# 44 #RB# 44 3GPP specifications 44 RiskBusiness 44 lifecyle 44 HeartOS 44 IVSC 44 ArctiCore 44 Emissions Vehicle SULEV 44 CygnaCom 44 finite element method 44 FDT DTM 44 nPulse 44 Purisma Data Hub 44 Performance SCP Standards 44 Composite Leading Indicators 44 SSAE 44 Nevron 44 MRPRO 44 Maturity Level 3 44 PRQA 44 SCE MI 44 Compassoft Enterprise 44 BSD SpecLink 44 Capability Model 44 FM Approvals 44 MSP# MCUs 44 Pulacayo Project 44 DW BI 44 Project MegaGrid 44 federated query 44 Network Emulator 44 routability 44 TrueSight 44 Serrote Deposit 44 indicator kriging 44 NAR Housing Affordability 44 DNA Microarray 44 SoC verification 44 ARIS Value 43 Skin sterol 43 sampling oscilloscopes 43 C #BEE 43 By DARREN SAMUELSOHN 43 webMethods Portal 43 Promentum ATCA 43 SourceMeter 43 Croxall Property 43 Oracle BPEL 43 ITIL compatibility 43 SystemVerilog verification 43 MDDL 43 Operational Performance 43 Bus Converters 43 BSI PAS 43 TrimTrac locator 43 SunSpider 43 Crisil Composite 43 UWB WiMedia 43 Permessa Email Control 43 Cystatin C 43 PackML 43 Cambashi 43 coincident geophysical 43 ATX#V v#.# 43 eWEEK Excellence Awards 43 BS EN # 43 Liquid ethane 43 GRI Guidelines 43 Econometer 43 OpenVG API 43 enzyme leach 43 Automated Valuation 43 Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark 43 Solubility 43 ASTM B# 43 Mobile Metal Ions