Caliphate

1000Umayyad
746caliphate
738Abbasid
738Caliph
722Ottoman
719rulers
718empire
710conquest
708Persia
701Sultanate
        
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Muslims Arabs Byzantine Ottomans Syria conquests Islam Sunni Byzantines Persians Turks Muhammad Sassanid kingdoms Islamic conquered ruler kingdom sultan dynasty Mongol caliph Sultan Seljuk Muslim empires Byzantium ibn Mongols Umar Damascus Shia Anatolia Constantinople invasions tribes Frankish domination Mughal

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