caliphate

1000	Caliphate
738	Abbasid
688	Umayyad
685	Caliph
684	caliph
660	Sunni
643	ibn
640	Muhammad
639	rulers
639	Arabs

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Umar Islamic Muslims Islam conquest Sultanate Abu Ibn empire Syria Muslim Persia Shia Ottoman Damascus Sultan conquests sultan dynasty Imam Mahdi kingdoms ruler Ottomans Byzantines Bakr Uthman kingdom Fatimid Persians Jihad Islamist Byzantine caliphs Mecca conquered Turks Sassanid Umayyads

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