Mamluks

999Ottomans
714Byzantines
701Saladin
697Mamluk
695Mongols
682sultan
677Seljuk
672Turks
665Caliph
657Sultan
        
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More distant neighbors

Persians Mongol Abbasid Ottoman Pasha Caliphate caliph armies conquest rebels Fatimid crusaders invaders Baibars Fatimids Umayyad Arabs Venetians conquered Seljuks rulers Damascus ibn Sultanate Syria army ruler Mahmud Byzantine allies invading Mughals empire Muhammad Abu Frankish revolt Persia rebel

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