electromigration

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(Click for frequent words.) 65 di dt 65 dielectric breakdown 64 dielectrics 64 electron scattering 63 hysteresis 63 underfill 63 parametric yield 63 capacitive coupling 63 parasitic capacitance 63 electrostatic discharge 63 thermally induced 63 stray capacitance 62 leakage currents 62 threshold voltages 62 impedances 62 defectivity 62 temperature coefficients 61 galvanic corrosion 61 ohmic 61 dielectric 61 silicide 61 wirebond 61 warpage 61 voltage spikes 61 NiSi 61 overcurrent 61 decoupling capacitance 60 Vdd 60 parasitics 60 transconductance 60 reverse polarity 60 tensile stress 60 Si substrate 60 overcurrent protection 60 capacitance 60 MLCCs 60 mosfet 60 deterministic jitter 60 gate electrode 60 elastic moduli 60 dv dt 60 capacitances 60 MOS transistors 60 voltage transients 59 coupling capacitors 59 nonlinearity 59 planarity 59 k dielectric 59 thermo mechanical 59 resistive element 59 tribological 59 ceramic capacitor 59 Schottky 59 overvoltage protection 59 Mosfet 59 varistor 59 dopant 59 elastic modulus 59 interfacial 59 eutectic 59 intermetallic 59 MOS transistor 59 uniaxial 58 photobleaching 58 parasitic extraction 58 characteristic impedance 58 dephasing 58 CMOS transistors 58 dispersive 58 overvoltage 58 bypass capacitor 58 Mosfets 58 output impedance 58 PIN diodes 58 electrostatic discharge ESD 58 non linearities 58 impedance matching 58 shrinking geometries 58 latency packet 58 thermocouple 58 routability 58 motor windings 58 FinFET 58 epitaxial layer 58 power dissipation 58 edge roughness LER 58 RFI EMI 58 electroless copper 58 coupling capacitance 58 zener diode 58 geometries shrink 58 thermally activated 58 parasitic capacitances 58 manganite 58 voltage divider 58 K dielectrics 57 4kV 57 electromagnetic interference EMI 57 dielectric materials 57 undervoltage 57 impedance measurements 57 capacitive loading 57 #mohm 57 co planarity 57 NBTI 57 differential impedance 57 gate dielectrics 57 capacitive loads 57 coplanarity 57 Fractional N 57 low k dielectrics 57 EMI electromagnetic interference 57 pMOS 57 reactance 57 dissipative 57 delaminations 57 alien crosstalk 57 impedance mismatches 57 temperature coefficient 57 stripline 57 inhomogeneity 57 stencil printing 57 solder joints 57 dewetting 57 overtemperature 57 copper interconnects 57 inrush current 57 undervoltage lockout 57 inductance 57 crystallinity 57 solderability 57 reaction kinetics 57 anisotropic 57 photodiode 57 copper metallization 57 demagnetization 57 MTCMOS 57 millivolt 57 workpiece 57 Auger recombination 57 nMOS 57 overvoltage protection OVP 57 thermomechanical 57 compressive stress 56 dielectric constant 56 SiON 56 quantization noise 56 magnetization reversal 56 inductive loads 56 LDO voltage regulators 56 phototransistor 56 ε 56 conductivity 56 lattice mismatch 56 jitter measurement 56 electrical resistivity 56 thermal dissipation 56 isotropic 56 vibrational modes 56 electret 56 stiction 56 Schottky diodes 56 weldability 56 transistor leakage 56 thermal gradients 56 coercivity 56 zener diodes 56 cathodic 56 transient voltages 56 thermistors 56 worstcase 56 FinFETs 56 harmonic distortion 56 #ns [002] 56 signal attenuation 56 compressive strain 56 linearized 56 LiNbO3 56 nonlinearities 56 dc voltage 56 thermal conduction 56 MESFET 56 PMOS transistors 56 Alien Crosstalk 56 variable resistor 56 electro magnetic interference 56 impedance 56 diffusive 56 hydrophobicity 56 sensing resistors 56 thermal impedance 56 coupling capacitor 56 nanomechanical 56 bandgap 56 thermal conductivity 56 reflow solder 56 dual damascene 56 deep submicron 56 harmonic filters 56 milliohm 56 piezoresistive 56 linearization 56 inductances 56 mosfets 56 respins 56 ratiometric 56 chromatic dispersion 56 chalcogenide glass 56 RF circuitry 56 mechanical polishing CMP 56 conductance 56 superparamagnetic 56 parasitic inductance 55 harmonic currents 55 2Xnm 55 thermal coefficient 55 PIN diode 55 frequency harmonics 55 lowpass filter 55 SiO 2 55 X7R 55 undoped 55 capacitive sensor 55 8kV 55 MEMS resonators 55 clamping voltage 55 ferromagnet 55 decoupling capacitors 55 capacitor 55 planarization 55 OSNR 55 finFETs 55 supercurrent 55 electrostatic discharges 55 Z Foil 55 VCSEL driver 55 thermal foldback 55 EMI shielding 55 oscillator frequency 55 temperature gradients 55 nitrided 55 resistive loads 55 AlGaN 55 thermocouples 55 recrystallization 55 transimpedance amplifier 55 wirewound 55 surface roughness 55 multipath fading 55 #.#ns 55 electron tunneling 55 metastability 55 synchronous rectifier 55 fluid viscosity 55 wafer thickness 55 ferrites 55 rheological 55 ferromagnetic 55 Capacitance 55 mode dispersion PMD 55 eutectic solder 55 dV dt 55 spectral density 55 conductive epoxy 55 excitation voltage 55 nitride 55 NMOS 55 superior heat dissipation 55 55 cyclic loading 55 photoionization 55 HfSiON 55 solder reflow 55 DUTs 55 metallisation 55 sinusoidal 55 k dielectrics 55 accuracy repeatability 55 voltages 55 conductive coating 55 decoherence 55 varactors 55 BJTs 55 termination resistors 55 intergranular 55 cuprate superconductors 55 particulate contamination 55 antiferromagnetic 55 electro static 55 HEMTs 55 Rdson 55 EMI RFI 55 electrically insulating 55 Zener diode 55 PCB layout 55 1kV 55 dielectric layer 54 #.#Ω 54 ionic contamination 54 Serdes 54 MOVs 54 galvanic isolation 54 tantalum capacitors 54 crystal oscillator 54 overtemperature protection 54 moldability 54 InGaAs 54 PHY# [001] 54 shunt resistors 54 Schottky barrier 54 conductivities 54 nonconductive 54 vias 54 switched capacitor 54 deep sub micron 54 Zener diodes 54 TVS diodes 54 SOI CMOS 54 sorption 54 adaptive equalization 54 testability 54 single photon detectors 54 flux residues 54 thermal diffusivity 54 HTS wires 54 oscillation frequency 54 PIN photodiodes 54 LDO regulator 54 magnetisation 54 heterostructure 54 input undervoltage lockout 54 thermocouple RTD 54 phonons 54 chalcogenide 54 bipolar transistor 54 reentrant 54 dopants 54 permittivity 54 hafnium oxide 54 moisture absorption 54 #.#nm [002] 54 phonon 54 nanoparticle arrays 54 #kV ESD 54 LTR# 54 frictional heating 54 photoluminescence 54 resistor 54 silicon Si 54 microstructural 54 triaxial 54 microfabricated 54 intermodulation 54 1μm 54 friction coefficients 54 2kV 54 interfacial tension 54 moisture ingress 54 shear modulus 54 reverse polarity protection 54 PWM frequency 54 magnetoresistance 54 absolute TCR 54 Young modulus 54 electrical conductivity 54 avalanche photodiode 54 absorption spectroscopy 54 ferrite core 54 input capacitance 54 interfacial layer 54 detuning 54 Overvoltage 54 HEMT 54 5mA 54 ± #V [002] 54 chip variation OCV 54 microcavity 54 resistor capacitor 54 reflow temperatures 54 3Xnm 54 #pF [001] 54 HBLEDs 54 deadtime 54 Cu interconnects 54 #.#μ 54 chemical reactivity 54 oxide thickness 54 smaller geometries 54 analog circuits 54 nonlinear optical 54 dipole moment 53 ESD protection 53 PIN photodiode 53 adiabatic 53 gold nanoclusters 53 solder bumps 53 μsec 53 potentiometric 53 delamination 53 Electrostatic Discharge ESD 53 nanometric 53 BGA CSP 53 Varistors 53 Noise Ratio 53 Figure 1b 53 multi Vdd 53 PID controller 53 elution 53 microswitches 53 hydrogen embrittlement 53 electron doped 53 multibit 53 inhomogeneities 53 #Ω [002] 53 singlemode 53 linewidths 53 conductive adhesives 53 nanostructuring 53 Conductivity 53 Phase Locked Loop 53 windings 53 weld slag 53 colloidal particles 53 substrate 53 evanescent wave 53 ppm ° C 53 magnetostrictive 53 passivation 53 CMOS ICs 53 Vcc 53 absorbance 53 solder bump 53 correction OPC 53 photoresist 53 ReRAM 53 pyrometer 53 electrolytic capacitor 53 bipolar transistors 53 thermal conductance 53 intramolecular 53 5V CMOS 53 protein adsorption 53 dc dc converter 53 programmable oscillator 53 crosstalk 53 thermal decomposition 53 nonequilibrium 53 epoxy matrix 53 ferroelectricity 53 opto couplers 53 compressibility 53 reflow soldering 53 analog circuitry 53 ITRS roadmap 53 sub micron 53 linewidth 53 enthalpy 53 steric 53 piezo actuators 53 TTL CMOS 53 interconnect capacitance 53 timebase 53 corrosion abrasion 53 thyristor 53 thermowell 53 antireflective coatings 53 piezo actuator 53 Nanomechanical 53 solderable 53 #um [002] 53 ferromagnetic materials 53 Inductance 53 ductility 53 nsec 53 dielectric strength 53 output capacitance 53 vortex shedding 53 microstrip 53 dielectric layers 53 synchronous buck converter 53 cavitation 53 microcavities 53 frictional resistance 53 SRAM DRAM 53 Agilent J BERT 53 capacitively coupled 53 snubber circuits 53 leakage inductance 53 photocurrent 53 z axis 53 electron density 53 graphene layers 53 overmolded 53 oxide semiconductor 53 ferroelectric 53 voltage 53 bypass capacitors 53 varistors 53 anisotropy 53 #.#uF 53 converter topology 53 magnetic permeability 53 dielectric constants 53 trans impedance 53 microlens 53 inductor synthesis 53 ultrasonics 53 jitter measurements 53 low k dielectric 53 dc dc conversion 53 capacitors inductors 53 RF connectors 53 eutectic alloy 53 capacitors 53 monolithic microwave integrated 53 CFD modeling 53 reed switches 53 anneal 53 sphericity 53 nanoindentation 53 TRIAC 52 ferrite beads 52 CMOS compatible 52 mount inductors 52 nonzero 52 photolysis 52 backplane traces 52 anodic 52 superlattice 52 TVS diode 52 breakdown voltages 52 triplexer 52 inductor 52 waviness 52 JFET 52 superconducting qubit 52 oscillation amplitude 52 gelation 52 excitation wavelength 52 redox reactions 52 8kV ESD 52 PSRR 52 isotope fractionation 52 Cadence Encounter Test 52 thermal EMF 52 pushbutton switch 52 silicon 52 lithographic processes 52 ATP hydrolysis 52 #μm [001] 52 highpass filter 52 foil resistor 52 external resistor 52 jitter tolerance 52 heterostructures 52 QMEMS 52 interleaving 52 nitride semiconductor 52 dipolar 52 τ 52 reflowed 52 ellipsometry 52 gate dielectric 52 microvia 52 TTL compatible 52 conductive adhesive 52 magnetization 52 chemical inertness 52 #μs [002] 52 Raman lasers 52 hysteretic 52 chemisorption 52 rotational torque 52 impedence 52 roughening 52 thermistor 52 selectivities 52 EUV mask 52 voltage sags 52 strain gage 52 #.#μF 52 pcb 52 inductors 52 SAR ADC 52 resonance frequency 52 lattice vibrations 52 photolithographic 52 concentricity 52 input impedance 52 #ksps 52 intrinsic jitter 52 EUT 52 capacitive sensors 52 UV photons 52 wirebonding 52 Schottky diode 52 Power MOSFETs 52 4mA 52 metastable 52 QDs 52 intermodulation distortion 52 #Ω [001] 52 Josephson junction 52 flyback converter 52 voltage differential 52 IEC #-#-# [002] 52 CMOS fabrication 52 calcium fluoride 52 TetraMAX ATPG 52 calorimetric 52 overvoltage undervoltage 52 nanostructured surfaces 52 AlN 52 friction coefficient 52 AFM probes 52 Foil resistors 52 birefringence 52 quartz oscillators 52 intergranular corrosion 52 silicon waveguide 52 capacitance voltage 52 Design Compiler Graphical 52 UVTP 52 magnetron sputtering 52 output overvoltage protection 52 TX RX 52 electron mobility 52 dielectric permittivity 52 TiN 52 Hysteresis 52 epitaxial layers 52 mesoscopic 52 oxidation 52 transimpedance 52 JTAG port 52 passivation layer 52 1ns 52 #.#um [001] 52 C0G 52 1μA 52 Nanoindentation 52 fast Fourier transform 52 singulation 52 passband 52 serializer deserializer 52 2dB 52 heat dissipation 52 instrumentation amplifier 52 φ 52 aspheres 52 SMA connectors 52 voltage #.#V 52 InGaAs InP 52 overmolding 52 #ohm [002] 52 photon flux 52 sampling oscilloscope 52 Talus Vortex 52 surface passivation 52 debonding 52 PbS 52 polarizers 52 RedHawk NX 52 arbitrary waveforms 52 electroluminescence EL 52 decoupling capacitor 52 hyperfine 52 hyperpolarization 52 nonvolatile memories 52 catalytic reactions 52 embrittlement 52 quantization 52 LVTTL 52 AlN layer 52 #pF [002] 52 ENIG 52 -# dB [001] 52 multilayers 52 SAC alloys 52 photon absorption 51 ZnSe 51 NWs 51 thermally stable 51 Coulomb blockade 51 feedforward 51 IGBT modules 51 PHEMT 51 Fig. 2b 51 oscillators filters 51 TCXO 51 picoseconds ps 51 modulus 51 Aliasing 51 loopback mode 51 liquid crystal molecules 51 corona discharge 51 multipath propagation 51 pentacene 51 ionisation 51 cogging 51 sequential clock gating 51 channel MOSFET 51 wavefunction 51 planar CMOS 51 denaturation 51 Isolators 51 pulse widths 51 monolithic CMOS 51 intermetallic compounds 51 Electromagnetic interference 51 zener 51 51 Cpk 51 Laser VCSEL 51 #ns [001] 51 parasitic inductances 51 YBCO 51 DDR PHY 51 arresters 51 rectifier diode 51 -# dBm [001] 51 scatterometry 51 resonator 51 resettable 51 bistability 51 Perkinamine 51 e beam lithography 51 toroids 51 PZT 51 directional coupler 51 hafnium dioxide 51 VSWR 51 ARPES 51 magnetic excitations 51 output voltage 51 magnon 51 silicon etch 51 #ppm ° C 51 heterogeneous catalysts 51 #nm immersion 51 oxidisation 51 #ohm [001] 51 opto coupler 51 synchronous MOSFET 51 nanoelectromechanical 51 adsorption 51 thermal conductivities 51 quantum oscillations 51 SiGe bipolar 51 polycrystalline 51 busbar 51 SiGe C 51 wetted parts 51 SFP + transceivers 51 exciton 51 Multimeter 51 inrush currents 51 latency jitter 51 transmissivity 51 self assembled monolayer 51 finite element method 51 J BERT 51 ESD electrostatic discharge 51 voltage CMOS 51 reticles 51 output capacitors 51 repeatable measurements 51 birefringent 51 voltage MOSFET 51 dc dc controller 51 viscous fluids 51 sub picosecond 51 #GBASE 51 interposer 51 #-Gbit/sec 51 passivated 51 #μF [001] 51 SPICE simulators 51 polarization multiplexed 51 op amp 51 adsorbate 51 body diode conduction 51 low capacitance ESD 51 overvoltage overcurrent 51 clamping voltages 51 termination resistor 51 electrode 51 reticle enhancement 51 chipscale 51 oscillatory 51 UVLO 51 Qspeed diodes 51 ± #V [001] 51 cantilever deflection 51 busbars 51 nanocrystal 51 EUV masks 51 aluminum gallium nitride 51 nanomesh 51 fluxing 51 sigma delta ADC 51 temperature gradient 51 wavefronts 51 comb filtering 51 ferrite 51 indium tin oxide ITO 51 nanocoatings 51 absorption spectra 51 ammonium ions 51 heavy fermion 51 pn junction 51 conventional superconductors 51 subwavelength 51 phonon scattering 51 solder alloys 51 ADXL# 51 ownership CoO 51 Cadence QRC Extraction 51 silicon interposer 51 ultrasonic transducers 51 Multipath 51 cermet 51 multilayer ceramic capacitors 51 #BASE T [001] 51 metallic ions 51 heterojunction 51 BEOL 51 metallization 51 JFETs 51 mask aligners 51 microscale 51 5μm 51 coplanar 51 magneto optical 51 RF amplifier 51 InSb 51 submicron 51 biomolecule 51 #.#mA [002] 51 Multilayer Ceramic 51 interparticle 51 defect densities 51 corrugation 51 foldback 51 darkfield 51 voltage fluctuation 51 fanout 51 interatomic 51 deadband 51 Electromagnetic Interference EMI 51 magnetically coupled 51 volumetric efficiency 51 planar 51 cavitations 51 frequency synthesizers 51 bend radii 51 oligomer 51 bandpass filter 51 monotonically 51 #nm lithography [001] 51 crosslink 51 Ca2 + 51 solder paste 51 TSVs 51 antireflection 51 packet jitter 51 attenuation 51 SMA connector 51 diode 51 flexural 51 4H SiC 51 geometries 51 overmold 51 analyte 51 Signal Conditioner 51 TEOS 51 SiO2 51 nucleases 51 mA output 51 predistortion 51 quantum mechanically 51 TGA# SM 51 biaxial 51 crossflow 51 phototransistors 51 toolholder 51 k gate dielectric 51 JESD# [002] 51 NDIR 51 Hastelloy C 51 EUV resists 51 electron electron 51 absorption coefficient 51 multimode fibers 51 micrometer scale 51 DQPSK 51 reconfigurability 51 SY#L 51 insulating substrate 51 Mach Zehnder modulators 51 Joule heating 51 solvent evaporation 51 epitaxial graphene 51 multirate 51 solder paste printing 51 rotary encoder 51 nanoribbon 51 biofouling 51 linearisation 51 bandgaps 50 cam lobe 50 impedance mismatch 50 surface plasmons 50 transparent electrode 50 shunt resistor 50 photodetector 50 serializer deserializer SerDes 50 equilibration 50 welded joints 50 jitter attenuation 50 microlasers 50 capacitive 50 DIN rail mount 50 epi wafers 50 MOSFETS 50 titanium carbide 50 semiconductor nanostructures 50 GaN layer 50 multimeters 50 Thermocouple 50 #nA [001] 50 attenuators 50 SFP modules 50 #mA LDO 50 anode 50 stackup 50 parametric testers 50 PowerPro CG 50 1mA 50 electrospray 50 bistable 50 Attenuator 50 martensite 50 microcantilever 50 UCC# 50 Gauge Buster 50 photoemission 50 feedwater 50 quantum superpositions 50 electrochemical 50 hydrophobic interactions 50 VCSEL 50 ± 8kV 50 vanadium dioxide 50 Powerful debug 50 fluorescence quenching 50 thinner wafers 50 PHY layer 50 silicon nitride 50 plasmon 50 parameterisation 50 macroscale 50 excitonic 50 sub microsecond 50 nanodots 50 external EEPROM 50 buck converter 50 VOUT 50 excellent solderability 50 wave soldering 50 nucleation 50 Carbon nanotube 50 BPSK 50 hydrolytic stability 50 nitration 50 asymptotic 50 snubber 50 microelectromechanical 50 conjugated polymer 50 photoresists 50 bimetal 50 #V #mA 50 Fig. 4B 50 Inductor 50 pulse width modulation 50 Electro Static Discharge ESD 50 Spintronic 50 #:# LVDS 50 transceiver modules 50 electrical conductance 50 resonators 50 adsorptive 50 planar magnetics 50 processability 50 MAX# MAX# [001] 50 conduction cooling 50 laser interferometers 50 atomically smooth 50 ± #ppm [001]

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